
Gass l7 S% 7' 

Book . /^ r?./ 



( li 



The Fifty-Second Regiment 

Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry 



The Campaigns 

of 

The Fifty-Second Regiment 

Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry 

First Known as 

**The Luzerne Regiment" 

Being the Record of Nearly Four Years' Continuous 
Service, from October 7, 1 861, to July 12, 1865, 
in the War for the Suppression of the Rebellion 



Compiled under Authority of the Regimental Association 

Smith B. Mott 

Late Quartermaster of the Regiment 




Press ^ J. B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia 
1911 



p, or ^ 









DEDICATED 

WITH A comrade's LOVE 

TO 

The "Old Boys" of the Fifty-Second Penna. Volunteers 

" Both they who abide on this hither side 
And the comrades gone over the great divide," 

ESPECIALLY 

TO THE MEMORY OF THOSE COMRADES 

OF THE 

FIFTY-SECOND REGIMENT PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS 

" Who rendered the last full measure of devotion, and 
Gave their lives that the Nation might live." 



Preface 



As stated in the " Authorization " article following 
this Preface, the original scope of the work contemplated 
only a pamphlet publication. The writer, therefore, con- 
densed the work as much as possible. Had the com- 
pilation of a larger volume been originally decided upon, 
— and the consequent expenditure of time and money been 
provided for, — no doubt a much more full and complete 
history could have been produced. This story of the 
regiment, however, covers the ground pretty thoroughly 
in a general way. The Survivors (who are the ones 
most deeply interested in its publication) will, no doubt, 
be glad to go over the ground of their tramp, tramp, 
tramping — nearly fifty years ago — in imagination with 
the writer, as he succinctly recites the story. At least, 
as the recital proceeds their memories will be refreshed, 
and scenes recalled in which they took a part and were 
a part, of that momentous epoch — the War of the Re- 
bellion. 

The lapse of time — nearly half a century — since the 
events recorded herein transpired, and the death of so 
many of the older men of the regiment, the dispersion 
of many of the living to places far away and others to 
places unknown, preclude any attempt to obtain detailed 
accounts in the form of personal narratives. A few, 
however, are included and are very interesting. 

A roster of officers and enlisted men of the regiment, 
giving the names of all who belonged to it during the 

7 



Preface 

four years, as nearly as could be ascertained from the 
records available to the writer, has been added to the 
work. In this no doubt some errors may be discovered. 
A considerable portion of this roster is compiled from 
Bates's History of Pennsylvania Volunteers. Some 
errors were found in that history, and some also in actual 
copies of muster-out rolls. 

Company clerks were not always correct, and some- 
times were careless as to dates and the spelling of names. 
In one or two instances the rolls show a soldier mustered- 
out several months before he was mustered-in. One 
important item the clerks who made up the rolls failed to 
note, and that was the " wounded," They mention 
" killed " and " died of wounds " and some " discharged 
on account of wounds," but a great many who were 
wounded have no mention made of it on the rolls. It was 
impossible, therefore, to make up separate lists, and the 
details under the heading " Remarks " will have to be 
accepted as the fullest information now obtainable. The 
writing on the rolls is sometimes impossible to decipher, 
for instance " S " and " L " being written so nearly alike 
that they cannot be distinguished one from the other. If, 
then, some errors are discovered, do not place the blame 
at once upon the compiler. The fault may not be his. 

The Fifty-second Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers 
was, for nearly three years of the time it was in service, 
in one brigade. In Washington, D. C, and until it ar- 
rived before Yorktown, Va., the brigade was commanded 
by Colonel W. W. H. Davis, of the One Hundred and 
Fourth Pennsylvania regiment. It was then under com- 
mand of Brigadier-General Henry M. Naglee through 
all the battles of the Peninsula Campaign in which the 

8 



Preface 

brigade took part, and until it reached North Carolina, with 
exception of a few months in the summer of 1862, when 
Brigadier-General Emory was in command temporarily 
during the absence of General Naglee. In North Caro- 
lina Colonel Davis was again in command of the brigade, 
and also in South Carolina the greater part of the time. 
Some of the regiments were detached from the brigade 
and again returned to it, but from the time the " provis- 
ional brigade " was formed at Washington in November, 
1861, until the 13th of June, 1864, the Fifty-second Penn- 
sylvania and the One Hundred and Fourth Pennsylvania 
were inseparably connected with the same brigade. In 
the closing campaign with Sherman's army in North 
Carolina the regiment was in " Moore's brigade." 

Therefore in the following pages the brigade is often 
mentioned, as " Naglee's Brigade " or " Davis's Bri- 
gade," etc., or that it marched, or camped, or was engaged 
in an action, or reconnoissance, at this place or that, 
without mentioning the Fifty-second Regiment explicitly. 
This is deemed a more satisfactory way of explaining 
movements than simply recording that the Fifty-second 
Pennsylvania was at this, that, or another place at a 
certain time, leaving the reader in doubt as to whether or 
not there were other troops engaged with it or within 
miles of the place. It seems to the writer as being 
more nearly what the " Survivors " desire than the nar- 
row contracted view of things from within the lines lim- 
ited by the regimental guards. Without the environ- 
ment, the surroundings, and the connections with other 
regiments and larger bodies of troops (in the movements 
of which the regiment was simply an integer) the regi- 
mental history would be a stilted story, and fail to satisfy 

9 



Preface 

those anxious to know more fully what was taking place 
in which the regiment had a part. 

Sketches of the lives of Colonel Henry M. Hoyt, 
Colonel John B. Conyngham, Major George R. Lennard, 
also of Colonel Ezra Hoyt Ripple, who succeeded Major 
Lennard as president of the Regimental Association, with 
portraits, are included at the end of the history. Some 
interesting " Addenda " are also appended, one of con- 
siderable interest being a correspondence furnished by 
H, C. Miller, secretary of the Association, in regard to 
some peculiar pikes found among the defensive works of 
Fort Wagner, Morris Island, S. C. One of the letters 
was written by General G. T. Beauregard, C.S.A. 

The table of " Contents " furnishes almost a complete 
outline or itinerary of the movements in which the regi- 
ment took part. 

The compilation as it is, with any faults it contains or 
matter it fails to contain, has been a labor of love on the 
part of the historian. Were it not for the fact that a 
large number of the " Survivors," and of their families 
and friends, and the relatives of deceased comrades, are 
anxiously looking forward in anticipation of the produc- 
tion of the history at the "Fiftieth Anniversary" to be 
held this year in Wilkes-Barre, Pa., the " historian " 
would not have had the courage to go on and complete it. 
The work involved was far beyond anything anticipated, 
and the difficulties encountered in getting the data and 
securing its publication were almost insurmountable. 

That all the difficulties may be overcome, and that it 
may be ready to be placed in the hands of those who 
will prize it, with all its imperfections, at the next reunion, 
is the heartfelt desire of the compiler. 

10 



Preface 



AUTHORIZATION. 



At the twenty-third reunion of the Fifty-second Regi- 
ment, Pennsylvania Volunteers Survivors Association, 
held at Lake Winola, Pa., September 13, 1910, it was 
resolved that the Association have published a history of 
the regiment, and Smith B. Mott was appointed his- 
torian. The president of the Association was directed 
to appoint a committee of five members, the president 
to be a member and chairman thereof, for the purpose 
of having compiled and printed a history of our regi- 
ment of as large size as contributions from the members 
of the Association will permit, and in time for distribu- 
tion at the fiftieth anniversary, to be held in Wilkes- 
Barre, Pa., in 1911. In pursuance of this action the 
president, Wm. McClave, appointed the committee as fol- 
lows : Wm. McClave, chairman, Herman C. Miller, secre- 
tary and treasurer, Smith B. Mott, historian, Irvin E. 
Finch, and Joseph R. Harper. 

At first it was decided to publish only a condensed his- 
tory of the regiment in pamphlet form, but the accumu- 
lation of material, including a roster, was found to ex- 
ceed the limits originally intended, and to make it desir- 
able to publish the work in book form under authority 
of an Act of Assembly, approved May 11, 1905, to wit: 
" An Act to authorize the purchase of historical works 
relative to the services of Pennsylvania Volunteers dur- 
ing the late Civil War," and the said committee subse- 
quently authorized the historian to complete the com- 
pilation of the volume and have it published in book form 
under the provisions of the above-mentioned Act of 
Assembly. When the manuscript had been prepared by 



Preface 

the historian, it was approved by the committee, as shown 
by the following certificate : 

ScRANTON, Pa., June 30, 191 1. 

To Whom it may concern : 

This is to certify that Smith B. Mott is the authorized " His- 
torian," appointed by the " Fifty-second Pennsylvania Regiment 
Survivors Association " to prepare and have published a History 
of the Fifty-second Pennsylvania Volunteers, and further that the 
manuscript of said history as prepared for publication by him is 
satisfactory to the committee appointed by said Association to take 
charge of all matters appertaining to publishing of said History. 

Signed : Wm. McClave, Chairman, 

Herman C. Miller, Secy. & Treas., 
Smith B. Mott, 
I. E. Finch, 
Jos. R. Harper, 

Committee. 



12 



Contents 



CHAPTER I 

Formation of the Regiment — At Camp Curtin — Going to Wash- 
ington — Camps and Barracks at the Capital — Col. Davis's 
Brigade — Drilling on Meridian Hill — Carver Barracks 25-26 

CHAPTER n 

Leaving Washington for the Peninsula — Alexandria, Fort Mon- 
roe, and Newport News — The Fifty-second " under fire," 
for the first time, from a rebel fort 27-29 

CHAPTER HI 

General Naglee takes command of the brigade in front of York- 
town — McClellan's siege operations — Yorktown evacuated — 
A Fifty-second boy killed by a torpedo in roadway — Battle 
of Williamsburg — Naglee's Brigade supports Hancock's 
charge 30-34 

CHAPTER IV 

" On to Richmond " — The Fifty-second sheds first blood on the 
Chickahominy, May 20, 1862 — Capt. Davis, of the Fifty- 
second, and his sharp-shooters — Naglee's reconnoissance to 
Seven Pines — The Fifty-second and One Hundred and 
Fourth Pennsylvania at the front 3S~42 

CHAPTER V 

Trouble brewing — The ominous sounds of rebel preparation — 
Battle of Fair Oaks, or " Seven Pines," May 31, 1862 — The 
" plan " of the enemy — A stubborn resistance against over- 
whelming forces of the enemy — The attempt to crush 
Keyes's Corps is frustrated — Sedgwick's Division arrives 
from the north bank — The day ends with a victory on the 
right — Gen. Jos. E. Johnston, the Confederate Commander- 
in-Chief, wounded 43-52 

13 



Contents 

CHAPTER VI 

Another account of the battle — Some preliminary corrections of 
Greeley's graphic description of the contest— Johnston's 
preparations — Casey's Division enveloped by masses of the 
enemy — Naglee's Brigade charges with bayonet — Saving the 
guns from capture — Sedgwick's timely arrival on the right — 
The second day's battle only briefly mentioned — The rebels 
retired to Richmond, he says, "wholly unmolested" S3-70 

CHAPTER Vn 

The second day at Fair Oaks — Councils of war, by both Union 
and Confederate Commanders, decide to attack next morn- 
ing, June ist — Positions of the forces on both sides — The 
rebels attack at daylight — They furiously charge our lines 
repeatedly, and are repeatedly repulsed — The day ends by 
the enemy being driven from the field and Casey's camps 
being regained — Consternation in the rebel capital — " We 
know now," says McClellan's chief of artillery, " that it 
could have been followed into Richmond" — The losses. .71-77 

CHAPTER Vni 

The Fifty-second Pennsylvania, with Naglee's Brigade, return 
to fortify at the Chickahominy bridges — Porter's Corps 
forced back to Gaines's Mill — It crosses to the south side 
after a stubborn fight on the north bank — Naglee holds a 
" memorial service " in memory of the dead — The " change 
of base " to the James is commenced — Naglee's Brigade 
holding the bridges, and following the Army of the Potomac 
as rear guard across White Oak Swamp, being the last to 
cross — Naglee's Brigade, by special order of McClellan, is 
retained at White Oak Swamp Crossing as rear guard — 
With Franklin's Corps it is charged with the defence of 
that crossing — Positions of the troops 78-81 

CHAPTER IX 

Stonewall Jackson hesitates at White Oak Swamp Crossing — 
With General D. H. Hill he made a reconnoissance, but 
" retired rapidly " — The Fifty-second Pennsylvania deployed 
in the swamp — The crossing held all day (June 30th) under 

14 



Contents 

heavy artillery fire — The enemy's attempts to cross are frus- 
trated — A plucky Irish woman on the battle-field — The 
enemy repulsed at Glendale — Franklin's Corps moves on 
towards Malvern Hill, leaving Naglee's Brigade as rear 
guard to hold the crossing against Jackson and Hill — At 
lo P.M., Naglee follows Franklin — He leaves part of the 
brigade at the crossing all night — Col. Van Wyck, Fifty- 
sixth New York, finally leads the remaining portion of 
the rear guard away at 2 a.m., July ist — Col. Hoyt's ac- 
count — Hazzard's Battery in peril 82-91 

CHAPTER X 

General Naglee's account of the " change of base " and the 
seven days' battles, retirement to the James River, and 
a tribute to the men of his command 92-95 

CHAPTER XI 

Malvern Hill — A Union victory — The Army of the Potomac, 
after it, retired as if defeated — A Confederate account of 
demoralization in Lee's army — Keyes's Corps designated 
as rear guard while the army retires to Harrison's Landing 
— Naglee's and Wessells's brigades detailed for this duty — 
The army safe at last — McClellan reports only fifty thou- 
sand with their colors — Lincoln visits the army and finds 
there 86,500 — Camp duty and occupations at Harrison's 
Landing 96-99 

CHAPTER XII 

Lee planning an advance on Washington — McClellan slow in re- 
tiring from the Peninsula — August 15th, Naglee's Brigade 
leaves the Landing for Yorktown — The Fifty-second Regi- 
mental Band mustered out — The Army of the Potomac goes 
to Manassas — Naglee's Brigade remains on the Peninsula — 
The old Fourth Corps practically discontinued — Keyes, how- 
ever, remains in command for some time 100-103 

CHAPTER XIII 

Duty at Yorktown and drilHng on the heavy guns there 
mounted — General Naglee resumes command of the brigade 

IS 



Contents 

— Sunday evolutions on the plains of Gloucester — Major 
J. B. Conyngham leads an expedition into Mathews County 
and destroys salt works, with machinery and much salt — 
General John A. Dix, commanding, came up from Fort 
Monroe and reviewed the troops — General Naglee takes the 
brigade, with artillery and cavalry, into Gloucester and 
adjoining counties — Rebel rangers dispersed and barracks 
burned, a large tannery destroyed, and much leather, live- 
stock, and other supplies for the rebel army, captured and 
brought in — The year 1862 closed with preparations for 
embarkation on vessels for a trip south 104-107 

CHAPTER XIV 

A " diary " of the trip as kept by one of the survivors — The 
Fifty-second on board the steamer " Expounder " — A stormy 
voyage to North Carolina — New- Year's day on the ocean — 
Beaufort Harbor and Moorehead City — News received of 
the loss of the " Monitor " in the storm off Hatteras — 
Camped at Carolina City — Again on board the " Expounder " 
— Ten days waiting in the harbor for the fleet to rendezvous 
— The run to Hilton Head, S. C. — An attempt to break the 
blockade at Charleston by rebel rams as we pass by in the 
darkness — Camp on St. Helena Island — Again on the briny, 
this time on board a sailing vessel, the bark " Milton " — 
The first attack on Fort Sumter by the iron-clads — Its fail- 
ure and the return from the North Edisto of the transports 
and troops 108-1 14 

CHAPTER XV 

The troops concentrating in North Carolina in Eighteenth Army 
Corps — General Naglee given a division command — Col. 
Davis again the brigade commander — Naglee issues an 
order recounting the battles of the Peninsular Campaign in 
which his old brigade was engaged and authorizing the 
Fifty-second Pennsylvania and other regiments to inscribe 
the names on their banners — A copy of this order, " General 
Orders No. 3 " — A month in North Carolina — A battalion of 
sharp-shooters formed, Lieut.-Col. Hoyt, of the Fifty-second, 

to command it 1 15-120 

16 



Contents 



CHAPTER XVI 



The sailing of the fleet from Beaufort Harbor, N. C— Passing 
Charleston and arrival at Port Royal Harbor, S. C— General 
Naglee in command of the expedition — General Hunter in- 
corporated the Eighteenth Corps troops into his command— 
Naglee raises objections— Hunter's order held up for a 
time— Gen. Naglee finally throws up the sponge and leaves 
the Department— General Ferry placed in command— The 
troops board transports for an attack on Charleston— The 
iron-clad attack on Fort Sumter fails to reduce it— The 
transports with troops return to Port Royal— The Fifty- 
second with Davis's Brigade sent to Beaufort, S. C 121-124 

CHAPTER XVH 

At Beaufort, S. C— Col. Davis in command of the post— Col- 
ored troops there on duty make expeditions— General Q. A. 
Gillmore supersedes General Hunter as commander of the 
Department— Busy times begin— The Fifty-second again on 
transport, landing at Folly Island— Davis's Brigade leads 
an attack on James Island— It is to draw attention of 
enemy from Gillmore's descent upon Morris Island— Gen- 
eral A. H. Terry in command of the forces on James 
Island— The rebels attack Terry and the gun-boats in the 
Stono River— A hot engagement ensues— The "Pawnee" 
runs aground and becomes a target for a rebel battery, but 
finally succeeds in getting position and driving the battery 
out of range — A transport with one gun on her bow takes a 
hand in the fight— Quartermaster Ross, of the Fifty-second, 
makes a record as gunner— The artillery on both sides have 
a furious duel— The rebel forces, massed for a charge, 
decimated by combined fire of our gun-boats and bat- 
tery and retire from the field— The Fifty-second Pennsyl- 
vania on the picket line at night— Gillmore having obtained 
a foothold on Morris Island, Terry is withdrawn to Folly 
Island 125-131 

CHAPTER XVIII 

At the north end of Folly Island— Gillmore's troops under lead 
of General G. C. Strong assault Fort Wagner the second 
2 17 



Contents 

time — It results in failure with a heavy loss in officers and 
men — General Strong mortally wounded — General Seymour 
wounded — Col. Shaw, Fifty-fourth Massachusetts (colored), 
and Col. Putnam, Fourth New Hampshire, were killed, and 
Colonel Chatfield, Sixth Connecticut, was mortally wounded 
— Failing to carry Fort Wagner by assault, General Gillmore 
resumes siege operations — General Terry succeeds Seymour 
in command of troops on Morris Island — Col. Davis in com- 
mand on Folly Island 132-133 

CHAPTER XIX 

THE SIEGE OF FORT WAGNER. 

The first parallel completed July 17th, before the assault was 
made — On July 23d the second parallel commenced — On 
July 25th breaching batteries begun — Heavy guns mounted — 
The " Left Batteries " and magazines — The " Surf Battery " 
— July 24th an exchange of prisoners in the harbor — July 
29th the enemy open fire from a new battery — July 31st 
General Vodges relieved Col. Davis on Folly Island — August 
ist Gordon's Brigade, of Eleventh Corps, arrives, followed 
by that of General Schimmelfennig — August 3d Capt. Paine, 
One Hundredth New York, captured — August 3d the erec- 
tion of " Swamp Angel " battery commenced — Augast gth 
the third parallel opened by "flying sap" — August 17th to 
23rd the breaching batteries concentrate their fire on Fort 
Sumter and in one week make it a wreck — August 19th 
"Swamp Angel" battery completed — August 22d the Fifty- 
second Pennsylvania, with Davis's Brigade, go to Morris 
Island for three days' duty in trenches — August 22d the 
fourth parallel opened three hundred yards from Wagner — 
August 26th fifth parallel opened two hundred yards from 
Wagner — August 29th Davis's Brigade ordered to Morris 
Island to remain — September 5th the " flying sap " strikes 
the ditch on front of Wagner — September 6th General Gill- 
more decides to assault Wagner next morning 134-139 

CHAPTER XX 

THE PLAN FOR THE ASSAULT ON " WAGNER." 

Troops to be massed in the trenches close up to the fort — Two 
regiments to attack on the front face— One brigade to attack 

18 



Contents 

the rear face and Davis's Brigade to pass the fort and in- 
trench beyond it— The troops marshal for the charge— The 
signal is delayed — A deserter from the rebel works an- 
nounces the fort evacuated — The report is verified and found 
to be true — Morris Island comes fully into our possession 
and the siege is over — Some of the enemy captured in boats 
—The " Boat Infantry " was not able to intercept the retreat 
or more would have been captured 140-142 

CHAPTER XXI 

Admiral Dahlgren plans an attack on Sumter by boat— It was 
well advertised to enemy, and, of course, failed — The moni- 
tor " Weehawken " aground under enemy's batteries — The 
iron-clad fleet to the rescue — Rebel forts silenced and maga- 
zines blown up— The "Weehawken" finally rescued— New 
works erected on Morris Island after its capture I43~i45 

CHAPTER XXII 

SECOND BOMBARDMENT OF SUMTER. 

Battery Chatfield and other batteries give Sumter another severe 
hammering— Then Major Conyngham, of the Fifty-second 
Pennsylvania, makes a reconnoissance at night in boats to 
Sumter— He did not assault the fort, as he found it well 
defended— The bombardment continued — Charleston also re- 
ceived the attention of our batteries at Cummings Point and 
Chatfield— This was kept up almost continuously during the 
winter of 1863 and '64 H^r-iA? 

CHAPTER XXIII 

RE-ENLISTMENT OF " VETERANS." 

Congress by an act (joint resolution) authorized re-enlistments 
— About one hundred and twenty-five of the Fifty-second 
accept the provisions of this resolution as of January i, 
J864— Col. H. M. Hoyt and Adjutant Henry A. Mott accom- 
panied the " Veterans" to Scranton, Pa., on their thirty- 
day furlough, and returned with them — Expeditions to 
John's Island and Kiowa Island— Also to Bull's 
Bay — Work and duty on Morris Island severe— The gar- 

19 



Contents 

rison much reduced by withdrawal of the Ninth Maine and 
One Hundredth New York Regiments — The Fifty-second 
and One Hundred and Fourth Pennsylvania sent to Hilton 
Head, S. C — General Terry, with the Tenth Army Corps 
(so-called), sent to Virginia to join the Army of the James 
— The Fifty-second returned to Folly Island in June, 1864, 
parting company with One Hundred and Fourth Pennsyl- 
vania finally — Thence it went to Morris Island, its old 
tramping ground 148-150 

CHAPTER XXIV 

ANOTHER ATTEMPT TO TAKE CHARLESTON. 

General J. G. Foster, now in command of the Department, plans 
an advance on the city with four separate columns of troops 
— The Fifty-second Pennsylvania leads one of the attacking 
columns — It crosses the inner harbor in boats at night — Col. 
Hoyt and Lieut.-Col. Conyngham land at the head of their 
men and capture a battery, they then lead their small force 
against Fort Johnson gallantly, but, lacking support, are un- 
able to carry it — Acting Adjutant Bunyan, Captain T. B. 
Camp, Lieut. J. G. Stevens, Lieut. Thomas Evans, and one 
hundred and thirty-five men are all that land with the two 
colonels — Lieutenant Bunyan and six enlisted men killed 
and sixteen wounded — All those not killed became prisoners 
— Of those captured more than fifty died in Southern 
prisons — General Foster, in orders, very highly commended 
the officers and men who landed 151-156 

CHAPTER XXV 

THE FORT JOHNSON AFFAIR (CONTINUED). 

Col. Hoyt's first report written from Charleston jail — His official 
report made after his release and return — Extract from Re- 
port of Major E. H. Little, One Hundred and Twenty- 
seventh New York Volunteers — Extract from Report of 
General J. G. Foster — Extract from Report of General Sam. 
Jones, commanding, to General Cooper, Asst. Ins. General 
C. S. A., Richmond, Va. — Some of the reasons ascribed for 
the failure of other boats of the expedition to get over the 
bar and go to shore — A question of guides and the selection 

20 



Contents 

of one from the One Hundred and Twenty-seventh New 

York to pilot the flotilla across the harbor, who did not get 
his own boat to shore, given as one of the reasons — Cor- 
poral Wm. Scott, a "survivor" of Co. K, Fifty-second 
Pennsylvania, gives his experiences as a guide, pilot, and 
harbor scout of the " Boat Infantry " — Duties of the Boat 
Infantry described I57~i65 

CHAPTER XXVI 

THREE-YEAR MEN (nOT RE-ENLISTED) MUSTERED OUT. 

The term of service of a large number of the original three- 
year members, who did not re-enlist, expired November 4, 
1864, and they were mustered out — Several officers also 
took their discharge at this time— Duty of the regiment on 
Black Island, and expedition to destroy the bridges on 
the Savannah Railroad— Corporal M. D. Fuller, of Co. " H," 
in command of a " mosquito battery " — In January, 1865, 
Captain Hennessy gets up a "circus" in the harbor (driv- 
ing a rebel vessel ashore), and receives the thanks of Gen- 
eral Schimmelfennig— Indications of rebel preparations for 
leaving Charleston 166-168 



CHAPTER XXVII 

ENTERING CHARLESTON, S. C. 

Description by Captain R. W. Bannatyne, of the Fifty-second 
Pennsylvania— Major Hennessy starts in the boat "Ripley" 
for Fort Sumter— He places our flag on the parapet of 
the fort— Fort Ripley and Castle Pinckney occupied— Hen- 
nessy's boat first at dock in Charleston— Rebel iron-clads 
blown up as the city falls— The United States flag placed 
on the post-office— The citadel and arsenal occupied by the 
Fifty-second Pennsylvania 169-173 

CHAPTER XXVIII 

Occupation of forts and batteries — Bivouac at the race-course — 
Expedition to Monk's Corners — Camp at Mount Pleasant — 

Aboard transports again— Land at Newberne, N. C I74~I7S 

21 



Contents 

CHAPTER XXIX 
WITH Sherman's army. 

Goldsboro, N. C, occupied by General Schofield with 
Twenty-third Corps — Terry with his forces moving from 
Wilmington— Sherman's left wing fights a battle at Benton- 
ville — Sherman's army concentrated at Goldsboro — The 
Fifty-second Pennsylvania placed in First Brigade, Second 
Division, Twenty-third Corps— Colonel John B. Conyng- 
ham rejoins and takes command of the regiment 176^177 

CHAPTER XXX 

The march with Sherman through North Carolina — Pitch and 
other things burned in the piny woods — News of Lee's sur- 
render at Appomattox — Great rejoicing by the troops on 
the march — Sherman's army enters Raleigh, the capital, 
April 13th — General Johnston ready to negotiate terms of 
surrender — The news of Lincoln's assassinatioTi throws 
gloom over the army — On April 19th terms agreed upon, 
subject to approval at Washington — General Grant quietly 
arrives at Raleigh — Sherman then offers same terms given 
Lee — Terms accepted April 26th — General Schofield charged 
with duty of receiving surrender — Sherman's four corps 
march for Washington, D. C 178-181 

CHAPTER XXXI 

The Fifty-second Pennsylvania sent to Salisbury, N. C. — There 
on duty until July 12, 1865 — Telegraphic orders for muster- 
out received — Entrained for the North — City Point and 
Harrison's Landing — Hard-boiled eggs once more at York, 
Pa. — Harrisburg and home 182-183 

APPENDIX 

Biographical Sketches — In Memoriam — Roster of the Fifty- 
second Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers — Addenda ... 185-266 



22 



Illustrations 



PAGE 

Colonel John C. Dodge 25 

Henry M. Naglee 30 

Map of Richmond and Surroundings 43 

The Transport " Expounder " 109 

General Quincy A. Gillmore 125 

Charleston Harbor and Surroundings 132 

Fort Sumter 138 

Henry A. Mott 148 

Lieutenant-Colonel John A. Hennessy 1 67 

General Henry M. Hoyt 187 

Colonel John B. Conyngham 190 

Major G. R. Lennard 194 

Mrs. (Major) George R. Lennard 194 

Colonel Ezra Hoyt Ripple 198 

William McClave 262 

Herman C. Miller 262 

Sergeant I. E. Finch 262 

Joseph R. Harper 262 

Smith B. Mott 262 




COLONEL JOHN C. DODGE 
Fifty-second Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry. 



The Fifty-Second Regiment 

Pennsylvania Volunteers 

1861 to 1865 



CHAPTER I. 

FORMATION OF THE REGIMENT. 

On August I, 1861, John C. Dodge, Jr., of Lycoming 
County, who had been a captain in the Eleventh Pennsyl- 
vania Regiment in the three months' service, was given 
authority to raise a regiment. The ten companies which 
afterwards formed the Fifty-second Regiment were re- 
cruited during August and September in Luzerne, Clinton, 
Union, Columbia, Wyoming and Bradford Counties. 
Several of the companies were mainly recruited in Scran- 
ton, and vicinity, then a part of Luzerne County, now 
Lackawanna. By October ist all the ten companies were 
in Camp Curtin, Harrisburg, and the regimental organ- 
ization was completed October 7, 1861, by the selection 
of the following field officers : John C. Dodge, Jr., colonel ; 
Henry M. Hoyt, lieutenant-colonel; John B. Conyngham, 
major. The last two were from Wilkes-Barre as also 
was Company A, and the Wvoming Cornet Band, of the 
same place, under the leadership of Prof. Fred. Wagner, 
became part of the organization as the regimental band. 
A very handsome set of colors, — State flag and U. S. 
flag, — were presented to the regiment by Governor Cur- 
tin on behalf of the State, before leaving for the seat of 
war. On November 8, 1861, the regiment left Camp 
Curtin, entrained in box cars, and proceeded via York, 

25 



The Fifty- Second Regiment 

Baltimore, and Relay Junction, to Washington, D. C. Its 
first camp there was on Kalorama Heights north of 
Georgetown. Then out on Seventh Street until about the 
first of January, 1862, when the four regiments compos- 
ing the brigade to which the Fifty-second was attached, 
went into barracks just completed on Fourteenth Street, 
in the northwestern section of the city, called Meridian 
Hill. The brigade was made up of the Fifty-second 
and One Hundred and Fourth Pennsylvania, Fifty-sixth 
New York, and the Eleventh Maine, under command of 
Colonel W. W. H. Davis, of the One Hundred and 
Fourth Pennsylvania. The barracks were one-story 
frame buildings, sixteen feet wide by eighty feet long, each 
regiment having twelve of these, — one for the field and 
staff officers, one for non-commissioned staff and band, 
and one for each company. The Fifty-second barracks 
were along the east side of Fourteenth Street, facing an 
open parade ground seven hundred feet across, the other 
three regiments occupying the other three sides of the 
square, which was on the west side of Fourteenth Street. 
The fields surrounding the barracks were used for drill 
purposes, — company, regiment, and brigade. 

While encamped in Washington, a call was made for 
volunteers to serve on gun-boats in the western river 
flotilla, and ten men went from the Fifty-second Penn- 
sylvania, one from each company. Several of them 
were killed by an explosion on the " Mound City " in an 
engagement a few months after leaving the regiment. 

While there also, First Lieutenant Frederick Fuller, 
of Company I, was transferred to the Signal Corps, with 
which branch of the service he remained thereafter, 
achieving a most enviable record. 

26 



CHAPTER II. 

LEAVING WASHINGTON FOR THE PENINSULA. 

On the 28th of March, 1862, the brigade packed up 
their traps, bade good-by to Carver Barracks, and, with 
flags flying and bands playing, marched down Fourteenth 
Street to the Long Bridge, which it crossed at route step 
singing patriotic songs. Passing Fort Runyon on the 
other side, it marched out to the cross-roads not far from 
Alexandria, and camped on the " sacred soil." The day 
had been fine and sunny, but at evening a drizzling rain 
set in, followed by sleet and snow, making the first night's 
camping out, after leaving the warm shelter of the bar- 
racks, a pretty severe foretaste of the real soldiering to 
follow. Shelter tents and straw somewhat relieved the 
situation. The brigade, still under command of Colonel 
Davis, was attached to Casey's Division of the Fourth 
Army Corps, and designated as the First Brigade, Third 
Division. General E. D. Keyes, a West Point graduate, 
was in command of the corps. After two days of rain 
the brigade was marched to the docks at Alexandria, 
where it embarked on the vessel " Constitution," bound 
down the Potomac for Fort Monroe, to take part in Mc- 
Clellan's peninsular campaign. The vessel was a very 
large one, and the five regiments — the One Hundredth 
New York having been added to the brigade just be- 
fore leaving Washington — were crowded on board. Gen- 
eral Casey with his staff was also on board. Finding the 
cargo too much for the vessel, the One Flundred and 
Fourth Pennsylvania was transferred to another trans- 
port, and the next morning, Monday, March 31st, the 

27 



The Fifty- Second Regiment 

vessel went on its way down the river. At a point near 
Aquia Creek the " Constitution " went fast aground, 
where it remained all night, with a gun-boat for protec- 
tion, fearing the enemy might shell the stranded craft 
from the Virginia shore. The next morning the ship 
was " tugged " out into the channel and went on down 
to Old Point, where it anchored April ist in Hampton 
Roads. The troops were transferred to smaller trans- 
ports and landed at different points. The Fifty-second 
was taken on board the " Hero " to Newport News, 
where it landed on a temporary dock. Hampton Roads 
had less than a month before been the scene of the de- 
struction of part of our wooden fleet by the iron-clad 
" Merrimac," and the duel with the " Monitor," March 
9th, when the rebel ram was forced to run back into the 
EHzabeth River under the protection of their batteries, 
a defeated giant. As the Fifty-second Pennsylvania on 
the " Hero " went up the roadway to Newport News, it 
passed the " Monitor " lying at anchor, and further up 
the remains of the destroyed vessels, " Cumberland " and 
" Congress." The mast-head of the " Cumberland " had 
the flag still flying only a few feet above the water in 
which she sank, while the burned remains of the " Con- 
gress " were lying nearer the north shore. Before reach- 
ing its destination the " Hero " was fired upon from a 
rebel battery at Pig's Point on the south side of the 
Roads, but the shot, although a good liner for the boat, 
fell in the water several hundred yards short. The 
Fifty-second had been under fire. After landing, the 
regiment marched a few miles up the Richmond road 
and went into camp. Casey's division was encamped in 
this vicinity until Wednesday, April i6th, when it 

28 



Pennsylvania Volunteers 

marched up to Warwick Court House in a broiling sun 
for twenty miles, giving the troops a regular Turkish 
bath with their clothes on. The next day Casey's divis- 
ion took up its position as a part of the line from York- 
town to Warwick, in front of Lee's Mills. On the 
right, in front of Yorktown, McClellan was throwing 
up redoubts and bastions, and bomb-proofs and epaule- 
ments, salients, revetements, and other things mentioned 
in military engineering works, too numerous to men- 
tion. He was bringing up also heavy siege-guns and 
mounting them on these works in very formidable array. 



CHAPTER III. 



IN FRONT OF YORKTOWN. 



On the 226. of April, Franklin's division of Mc- 
Doweirs First Corps was added to our forces, and the 
next day, April 23d, General Henry M. Naglee took 
command of our brigade, relieving Colonel Davis, who 
resumed command of the One Hundred and Fourth 
Pennsylvania. The position of the Union forces was 
now as follows : on the right Heintzelman's Third Corps ; 
in the centre Sumner's Second Corps ; on the left Keyes's 
Fourth Corps of three divisions, — Smith on the right, 
Casey in the centre, and Couch on the left. On April 
29th Naglee's brigade made a reconnoissance in front of 
Lee's Mills, and a skirmish with the enemy developed 
the fact that they were still there in force. On May ist, 
as the siege guns were about ready to open fire upon their 
works, the enemy was discovered to be falling back, and 
on May 4th the brigade moved from camp and advanced 
in line of battle towards their works, soon ascertaining 
that they were evacuated. The line then broke into 
column and took the road passing through their line 
of works. The enemy had planted torpedoes in this 
roadway. One of them was exploded by a private named 
John Pruyne, in Company F of the Fifty-second, step- 
ping on it, and he was instantly killed, while nine others 
of the same company were more or less wounded. 
Colonel Dodge, Lieutenant-Colonel Hoyt, and Company 
A of the Fifty-second had passed before the explosion 
took place. 

More of the dastardly things were discovered in the 

30 




HENRY M. NAGLEE 
Brigadier-General. 
CommarKier of " Naglee's Brigade.' 



Pennsylvania Volunteers 

roadway, evidenced by little heaps of fresh dirt where 
they were planted, and guards were stationed at each one 
discovered to prevent the troops from stepping on them 
as they passed. Southern writers have attempted to 
prove that their side never resorted to such low-down 
warfare as planting sub-terra shells in roadways, but 
Jeff. Davis, in his " Rise and Fall of the Confederacy " 
(vol. ii, p. 97), mentions their employment to check a 
marching column, quoting from General Rains's report 
of this very retreat, as follows : " Fortunately," says 
Rains, " we found in a mud-hole a broken ammunition 
wagon containing five loaded shells. Four of these, 
armed with a sensitive fuse primer, were planted in our 
rear," etc. General Joseph E. Johnston says, in his re- 
view of the campaign entitled '* Manassas to Seven 
Pines" (Century Magazine), "Such an occurrence 
would have been known to the whole army, but it was 
not; so it must have been a dream of the writer." We 
found it no " dream " when our boys were blown to pieces 
by the dastardly contrivance. 

This distressing episode did not long delay our ad- 
vance, and Naglee's column went forward on the road 
towards Williamsburg. Just as it was debouching into 
the main road from Yorktown, Heintzelman's column 
came up, and he. being the senior officer, claimed the 
advance. The division was halted so long by passing 
troops that it went into camp for the night. Next morn- 
ing it went forward, reaching Cheesecake Church at 10 
A.M. At this time Hooker was hotly engaged about two 
miles farther on. where the enemy had thrown up earth- 
works and constructed rifle-pits, redoubts, etc., across the 
narrow peninsula in front of Williamsburg, determined 

31 



The Fifty- Second Regiment 

there to put a stop to our triumphant march towards 
Richmond. The rain was pouring steadily down as the 
troops advanced, and the mud was getting deeper and 
deeper as they churned it up with their tramp, tramp, 
tramp, towards the firing Hne ahead. The brigade was 
hahed in the woods within hearing of the battle going on 
in front, and the trees felled for defence, showing that it 
was being held as reserve instead of being put into the 
fight. In the afternoon the order to go forward came, 
but, before half of the distance had been covered, the 
order was changed, and Naglee was directed to double- 
quick his troops to support Hancock on the right. The 
right of our line was two miles away, and double-quicking 
through well-trodden Virginia fields took some time, as 
well as " taking the tuck out " of the boys, but they 
" got there " in time to support Hancock in his final 
charge, which cleared the field and rifle-pits in front of 
the rebel works, ending the day with victory perched 
upon our banners. 

The drizzling rain continued long into the night. The 
ambulances and stretchers brought in their loads of 
wounded heroes gathered from the bloody field, to be 
treated as best they could be by the surgeons' knives and 
probes and bandages, then laid aside to suffer, perhaps to 
die. During the night it cleared off with a cold wind 
from the northwest, chilling the weary, wet, and mud- 
bedraggled soldiers, sleeping — or vainly trying to sleep 
with their arms in their hands — in the woods and on the 
fields where they had marched and fought and many 
of their comrades had fallen. During the night the 
enemy withdrew : perhaps " skedaddled " would better 
describe it, for they went in haste, leaving their dead on 

32 



Pennsylvania Volunteers 

the field and the town of WilHamsburg filled with their 
wounded. Nearly every house was a temporary hospital. 
Our medical department also took possession of some of 
the churches, school and college buildings of Williams- 
burg for hospital purposes. Our losses for the day 
McClellan reported as 2228 killed and wounded. The 
enemy's loss was no doubt less, as they fought behind 
earthworks, rifle-pits, and felled timber, which our men 
attacked in the open, and charged upon again and again 
during the day. 

Burying the dead, drying out a soaked army, and await- 
ing supply trains which were dragging along the muddy 
roads in the rear occupied several days. Naglee's bri- 
gade started forward again on the morning of May 9th, 
and on the loth reached Roper's Church, where it re- 
mained the nth and 12th, the main army moving by the 
narrow roads, which w^re so blocked by cavalry, artil- 
lery, troops, and trains as to render progress very slow. 
At least the enemy were given plenty of time to get back 
to Richmond and prepare for the oncoming of McClel- 
lan's army. On the 13th the march was resumed, and 
to make up lost time was continued until after mid- 
night, camping at New Kent C. H., on the 14th, and 
remained there until the 17th, when it went on to Balti- 
more Cross Roads, remaining there the i8tli, — Sunday, 
a day of rest. On Monday, May 19th, camped about 
seven miles east of Dispatch Station on the York River 
Railroad. 

It may be proper to state here that on the iSth 

McClellan had created two more army corps, — the Fifth 

Corps, under Fitz John Porter, composed of Porter's 

division (now under Morell), Sykes's regulars, and the 

3 33 



The Fifty- Second Regiment 

resen^e artillery; and the Sixth Corps, under Franklin, 
composed of Smith's division, taken from Keyes's Fourth 
Corps, together with Franklin's division now under 
Slocum. Casey's division now became the Second Divis- 
ion of Keyes's Fourth Corps, and with Couch's First 
Division moved on together, but with Casey generally 
in the advance and Naglee's brigade leading. 



34 



CHAPTER IV. 

" ON TO RICHMOND. " 

Keyes's Corps bivouacked on May 20th on the left 
bank of the Chickahominy opposite Bottoms Bridge. On 
that day General Naglee organized a company of sharp- 
shooters from one hundred picked men of the Fifty- 
second Pennsylvania, which he placed under command 
of Captain Greenleaf P. Davis, of Company E. These 
sharp-shooters were from the lumber districts of Penn- 
sylvania and were splendid marksmen. Supported by 
the brigade they were immediately pushed to the front 
to make a reconnoissance to the Chickahominy River. 
Colonel W. W. H, Davis, who had command of this 
movement, describes it (in his History of the One Hun- 
dred and Fourth Pennsylvania Regiment) as follows: 

" In the evening (May 19th) I received orders to have 
my regiment under arms early the next morning for a 
reconnoissance toward the Chickahominy. The force 
detailed was composed of the One Hundred and Fourth, 
one hundred picked men of the Fifty-second, and two 
companies of the Eleventh Maine. We marched up 
the railroad to within a few hundred yards of the river, 
which is here twelve miles from Richmond, and is 
crossed by a trestle bridge. The enemy occupied the 
opposite bank, and had fired the bridge, which was 
still burning. The part spanning the stream, about 
sixty feet in length, was destroyed. A halt was 
ordered to reconnoitre the position of the enemy and 
ascertain his probable strength. The river is bordered by 
a deep swamp, covered with a heavy growth of timber 

35 



The Fifty- Second Regiment 

and an almost impenetrable thicket. . . . When the 
little battalion I led took up its position, the guns opened 
on us from the opposite side of the river and kept up the 
fire most of the day. Two of our batteries came down 
and replied, four pieces occupied the hill in our rear, three 
to our right on the edge of the railroad, and two just 
to our left and rear in the road that leads down to Bot- 
toms Bridge. There we were obliged to stand for hours, 
our own guns firing over us and the enemy at us, without 
a chance of replying. We were very fortunate in escap- 
ing casualties. The troops returned to camp about dark, 
with only the loss of one man of the Fifty-second 
wounded." The man wounded was Sid. Taylor, of Com- 
pany G; so the Fifty-second Pennsylvania shed the first 
blood on the Chickahominy. 

Colonel Davis may have been mistaken about the rail- 
road bridge being partly burned at that time. Comrade 
Wm. McClave, who was at that time first sergeant of 
Company K of the Fifty-second, says that himself and 
Corporal Hugh R. Crawford, of the same company, 
w^ent out as volunteers on this reconnoissance, and were 
together at the eastern end of the bridge when the rebels 
were trying to set fire to it at the other end of a long 
trestle which carried the bridge over the low swampy 
ground beyond the river to the high ground ; that he had 
a Sharpe's carbine (loaned for the occasion from Lieu- 
tenant John A. Hennessy) which would carry to the 
farther end of the trestle, which a musket would not do 
with any certainty, and that with this rifle they pre- 
vented the rebels from setting fire to the far end of the 
trestle until General Naglee came down with a battery 
and drove the enemy away, thus saving the bridge. The 

36 



Pennsylvania Volunteers 

enemy had, however, destroyed the bridge on the wagon- 
road farther down the river known as " Bottoms Bridge," 
but it was repaired and pieced out with logs the next day 
— May 2 1 St — sufficiently for a crossing, and Captain 
Davis with his sharp-shooters, followed by Colonel Davis 
with the One Hundred and Fourth, went across that 
afternoon. Colonel Davis says : " The One Hundred 
and Fourth was the first entire regiment that crossed the 
Chickahominy, but a few detached companies of skir- 
mishers preceded it over the same afternoon, May 21st." 
These skirmishers were Capt. Davis with the Fifty-second 
Pennsylvania sharp-shooters. The Fifty-second went 
over also, and on the 23d these two regiments threw 
up a long line of entrenchments about the head of the 
bridge facing towards Richmond, having previously made 
a reconnoissance toward White Oak Swamp without dis- 
covering the enemy in that direction. 

On the evening of the 23d General Naglee was selected 
by General Keyes to carry out the following order he 
had received from General McClellan : 

" Your instructions for the reconnoissance to-day are 
as follows: You will, if possible, advance to the Seven 
Pines, or the forks of the direct road to Richmond, and 
the road turning to the right into the road leading from 
New Bridge to Richmond (Nine Mile road) and hold that 
point if practicable without incurring too much danger." 

" In obedience to these instructions," says General 
Naglee in his official report, " on the rainy morning of the 
24th, leaving the Eleventh Maine, Fifty-sixth and One 
Hundredth New York in camp, the other regiments of 
my brigade, the Fifty-second Pennsylvania, Colonel 
Dodge, and the One Hundred and Fourth Pennsylvania, 

37 



The Fiftj^- Second Regiment 

Colonel Davis, were in motion at an early hour. At 8 
o'clock they were joined by Mink's Battery H, First New- 
York Artillery, and Regan's Seventh Independent New 
York Battery, under command of Colonel Bailey. 
Gregg's Cavalry did not report until i o'clock p.m. The 
column was formed and in motion by 9 a.m. Leading 
out the Williamsburg road we encountered the first picket 
of the enemy at the Creek run (Boar swamp) about one 
and a half miles from Bottoms Bridge. These retired 
as our skirmishers approached, but they increased rapidly 
as we advanced. About 10 o'clock a deserter was taken 
to head-quarters of General Keyes, and a courier de- 
spatched for me to return, that I should ascertain that the 
forces in my front were Hatton's brigade of five regi- 
ments of Tennessee infantry, two batteries and a portion 
of Stuart's cavalry, all under command of General Stuart. 
Returning to my command at 12 m., I deployed the 
Fifty-second on the right of the Williamsburg road and 
extended it across the railroad. The One Hundred and 
Fourth was deployed to the left of the Williamsburg 
road without much resistance, and we pressed forward 
until we came to the wood next beyond Savage Station, 
where the enemy was prepared to resist our further ad- 
vance. Regan's battery was placed in position in the 
front edge of the timber on the right of the road, and 
shelled the wood on the left of the road, which was about 
six hundred yards from the battery; this wood extended 
about four hundred yards along the road and terminated 
in a line perpendicular with it, which line produced across 
the road was the commencement of the wood on the 
right of the road parallel to which the Fifty-second had 
been deployed, and toward which it was ordered to 

38 



Pennsylvania Volunteers 

advance until it should be protected by some houses and 
some sheds, and an orchard and a fence, three hundred 
yards from the wood. This movement of the Fifty- 
second with the shelling from Regan's battery lessened 
materially the firing of the enemy on the left, and the 
One Hundred and Fourth was ordered forward. 

" Our attention was now directed to the wood in front 
of the Fifty-second where the fire was increasing, and, 
at the same time, to the batteries of the enemy which 
some time before had opened, and had been directing their 
fire upon our batteries and the One Hundred and Fourth. 
From the front of the wood now occupied by the One 
Hundred and Fourth, I discovered that the line of battle 
of the enemy was formed just within the edge of the 
wood which crosses the Williamsburg road about half a 
mile from the Seven Pines corner ; that his artillery was 
in front near the house on the left of the road, supported 
by infantry lying in the hollow, and that the wood in 
front of the Fifty-second on the right of the road was 
occupied by a regiment of skirmishers. Bringing the 
oblique fire of the One Hundred and Fourth to assist 
the direct fire of the Fifty-second, I pushed forward the 
Eighty-fifth Pennsylvania along and behind the railroad 
and ordered the Fifty-second to advance from the fence 
and buildings directly into the wood in front of it. 

" This combined movement forced the enemy to leave 
precipitately the wood on the right. It was now about 
half-past four p.m.; the batteries of the enemy had 
annoyed us considerably and it became necessary to drive 
them from their position. The sharp-shooters of the 
Fifty-second, selected from men that had lived with the 
rifle constantly beside them in the lumbering counties of 

39 



The Fifty- Second Rep^iment 

Pennsylvania, were ordered forward under Captain 
Davis ; at the same time a section of Mink's battery was 
added to Regan's. Having thus advanced all right, we 
soon corrected the ranges of our artillery, and within 
half an hour the effects were apparent : the artillery of the 
enemy could not longer stand against the fire of our 
artillery and sharp-shooters and were compelled to with- 
draw. At the same time I discovered an unsteadiness in 
the ranks of the enemy, and I hurried forward Gregg's 
cavalry, followed by the remaining two sections of Mink's 
battery, which were brought into action within four hun- 
dred yards of the enemy's line, supported by the Eighty- 
fifth New York and One Hundred and Fourth Pennsyl- 
vania, the Fifty-second Pennsylvania being on the right; 
these movements threw the enemy into disorder, and 
Gregg was ordered to charge ; but, after proceeding some 
two hundred yards, he received a volley from some skir- 
mishers that occupied a thicket on the right of the road, 
and he dismounted his command, fired his carbines, and 
wheeled into a depression in the ground. I was prepar- 
ing to follow with skirmishers and to order a second cav- 
alry charge when an aide of General Keyes brought 
orders from him that no further pursuit should be made, 
lest I should bring on a general engagement. 

" The troops slept on the wet ground, for it had rained 
all day, in the exposed position last above indicated, and 
the picket guard for the night, which was necessarily a 
heavy one, was undisturbed. The pickets put out that 
night on strange ground by the field officers of the Fifty- 
second, owing to the exposure in front and on both 
flanks, extended six miles. In the meantime, discover- 
ing none of the enem_v in force on either of my flanks, the 

40 



Pennsylvania Volunteers 

next day (the 25th) at 12 m., I ordered Captain Davis, 
Fifty-second Pennsylvania, to extend his sharp-shooters 
between the Williamsburg road and the railroad and to 
advance cautiously and so slowly that his advance could 
hardly be discovered. At 4 p.m., having gained a mile 
and feeling that the enemy would resist in force any 
further advance, I took the Eleventh Maine, that had 
joinedme,the Fifty-second and One Hundred and Fourth, 
and two sections of Bailey's artillery and moved forward 
to meet any resistance the enemy might oppose to Captain 
Davis. We had scarcely started when a dispatch was 
received indicating that the enemy was assembling in 
front. Hurrying past the Seven Pines I found Davis's 
sharp-shooters occupying the front of the wood some five 
hundred yards beyond the pines, that the lines extended 
perpendicular to the Williamsburg road and across to 
the neighborhood of the Fair Oaks Station on the rail- 
road, and that the enemy was forming in the open field 
beyond the wood-pile. I immediately ordered the artil- 
lery to open upon the enemy, advanced the picket line to 
that of the sharp-shooters, and ordered the Eleventh 
Maine and One Hundred and Fourth to show themselves 
as supporting them. The shells thrown over the wood 
were most fortunate in their range and direction, and the 
enemy dispersed, 

" On the following day (the 26th of May), by 3 a.m. 
the remaining regiments of my brigade were already 
in position to support the One Hundred and Fourth and 
the picket line established by the Eleventh Maine and the 
Fifty-second. At 6 a.m., a rebel force of two regiments 
of infantry, one of cavalry, and a battery approached, but 
it avoided my picket line, kept beyond range, and soon 

41 



The Fifty- Second Regiment 

after disappeared, evidently reconnoitring our position. 
/ then ordered Captain Davis to advance another mile, 
zvJiich he did without opposition, and zvhich brought our 
picket line to the distance of about five miles from Rich- 
mond, zvJiich zvas as near as I deemed it prudent to go. 
On the following day, with a portion of Davis's sharp- 
shooters the line on the right was advanced from the 
road to Michie's to the Nine Mile road and Garnet's 
field, and then along Garnet's field to the Chickahominy. 
In this extended reconnoissance of four days the troops 
behaved admirably, and especial thanks are due to 
Colonels Bailey, Davis, Dodge, Howell, Plaisted, and 
Jordan, and to Captain Davis and his sharp-shooters 
who contributed more than any other to the successful 
advance of our lines from Bottoms Bridge, nine miles, to 
the most advanced line held before Richmond." 



42 



CHAPTER V. 

BATTLE OF FAIR OAKS. 

" During the night of the 27th," says Col. Davis, 
" there was some unusual stir among the enemy in our 
immediate front. The rumble of wagons and artillery 
carriages and the words of command of officers could 
be distinctly heard and lasted several hours." It is prob- 
able the enemy were then making new dispositions in 
preparation for the battle which took place on the 31st. 
The positions of our advance were also changed some- 
what in the next two days, Naglee's brigade being moved 
to the right, extending one regiment (the Fifty-second 
Pennsylvania) across the railroad in front of Fair Oaks. 
Davis says: " On the morning of the 29th, the camp of 
the One Hundred and Fourth was moved over to the 
Nine Mile road, a quarter of a mile to the right of our 
old position, and on the same ground where the Fifty- 
second had been encamped. The day before General 
Keyes had ordered Casey to move forward the other two 
brigades of his division to the clearing around Fair Oaks, 
which was the occasion of our change of location." As 
a support to the pickets along Garnet's field, the Fifty- 
second Pennsylvania encamped on the right of the Nine 
Mile road, half a mile beyond Fair Oaks. No other 
regiment encamped so near Richmond, and the picket 
line, extending from White Oak Swamp to the Chicka- 
hominy, was never advanced beyond the ground won by 
Captain Davis of the Fifty-second and his sharp-shooters. 
General Naglee had been intrusted with the building of a 
bridge over the Chickahominy at a point opposite where 

43 



The Fifty- Second Regiment 

Sumner's corps was located on the left side of the stream, 
in order to open means of communication with the bulk 
of the army — three corps — still on that side. For this 
purpose the whole pioneer corps of his brigade, with 
heavy details, under command of Lieutenant-Colonel 
Hoyt, of the Fifty-second Pennsylvania, was sent with 
instructions for its construction. The point selected was 
at this time above and outside our lines, and our troops 
on the left bank, hearing the work, opened fire on the 
party and sent two regiments to drive it away. Work on 
this bridge — called the Grapevine bridge — was vigorously 
pushed, so that it was passable on the 31st of May, the 
day of the battle of Fair Oaks, enabling Sumner to cross 
and stem the tide of battle on our right that eventful 
afternoon and evening. The bridge constructed by Sum- 
ner, farther down, was rendered impassable by the heavy 
rain and flood of the night before, which prevented 
Richardson's division of Sumner's corps from reaching 
the field in time to take part in the first day's fighting. 

" At this time," May 30th, — says General McClellan, 
in his report (p. 108), — " Casey's division was disposed 
as follows : Naglee's brigade, extending from the 
Williamsburg road to Garnet's field, having one regiment 
(the Fifty-second Pennsylvania) across the railroad. 
General Wessell's brigade in the rifle-pits, and General 
Palmer's in the rear of Wessell's, one battery of artillery 
in advance with Naglee, one battery in rear of rifle-pits 
to the right of redoubt, one battery in rear of redoubt, and 
another battery unharnessed in the redoubt." In the sec- 
ond line was Couch's division at the Seven Pines, half 
a mile in the rear, Kearney's division from Savage's sta- 
tion on the railroad to the Chickahominy. Hooker's 

44 



Pennsylvania Volunteers 

division was near the edge of White Oak Swamp, to 
watch the crossing. The other three corps of the army 
— Sumner, Porter, and Frankhn — were on the left bank 
of the Chickahominy. General McClellan had his head- 
quarters near those of Porter and Frankhn, both of 
whom he had lately created corps commanders and with 
whom he kept in close personal touch, while it is claimed 
he had no personal relations with Sumner, the senior 
corps commander, whom he treated with coolness if not 
with disrespect. 

On the night of May 30th a fearful storm prevailed. 
Rain fell in torrents. The country was flooded; the 
Chickahominy overflowed its banks, the swampy ground 
through which that stream flowed became impassable, 
and the bridges were so much damaged as to, for a time, 
practically isolate the two corps — Keyes's and Heintzel- 
man's — from the other three corps with McClellan on the 
left bank. 

" Aware of our difficulties," says McClellan in his 
account, " our active enemy, on the 31st of May, made a 
violent attack upon Casey's division, followed by an 
equally formidable one on Couch, thus commencing the 
battle of Fair Oaks. Heintzelman came up in support, 
and Sumner crossed the river with great difficulty and 
rendered such efficient service that the enemy was 
checked." 

It was the intention of the Confederates to annihilate 
the two corps thus isolated, of which Keyes's corps, with 
Casey's division in the advance, was within five or six 
miles of Richmond. General Jos. E. Johnston was in 
command of the Confederate amiy in front of Richmond, 
composed of twenty-eight brigades, of which twenty-two 

45 



The Fifty- Second Regiment 

brigades were ordered to the attack. Jeff. Davis and 
General Robert E. Lee, his miHtary adviser, were on the 
field to advise and direct the movements. Generals 
Longstreet, D. H. Hill, Huger, and Gustavus W. Smith 
(with the latter of whom General Johnston made head- 
quarters) led the rebel hosts to deliver the " crushing 
blow." 

General Francis A. Walker, of Couch's corps, says 
Johnston's plan of attack was as follows : 

" Huger, commanding his right column, was to move 
well down the Charles City road and then push in rapidly 
and fiercely upon Keyes's left and rear. Longstreet and 
Hill were at a given signal to attack in front down the 
Williamsburg stage road. G. W. Smith was to attack 
the Union right at Fair Oaks Station, and, after driving 
it in, to seize the road by which Sumner might advance 
from over the river to the support of the Fourth Corps. 
Huger's movement miscarried, but Longstreet and Hill 
(about one o'clock p.m.) burst upon Casey's division 
with great fury." Their thickly swarming brigades flung 
themselves upon our lines in front and both flanks with 
a desperate courage born of a belief that circumstances 
had at last placed a wing of McClellan's army helpless 
at their mercy. As daring as was the advance not less 
obstinate was the resistance. Keyes, Casey, Naglee, 
Couch, Peck, and others threw themselves into the very 
front of the battle. Generals and colonels acted as file 
closers or rallied and led forward the troops to resist the 
progress of the enemy down the Williamsburg road. So 
stubborn was this resistance that at nightfall the Confed- 
erates who had begun the action with an overwhelming 
success, had only been able to push our troops back to 

46 



Pennsylvania Volunteers 

the intrenchments or rifle-pits about one and a half miles 
from the front, where the tide of battle was stayed. 

While the action in front of Seven Pines on the Wil- 
liamsburg road was in full progress and before the Con- 
federates had crossed the Nine Mile road, General Keyes 
ordered Couch to proceed to Fair Oaks to meet the an- 
ticipated movement of the enemy against our right wing, 
vvhich w^as *' in the air," there being no troops except a 
thin picket line between it and the Chickahominy. Aber- 
crombie was near Fair Oaks with two regiments and a 
battery, and Couch took two more regiments to their aid, 
but soon they were caught in the storm of battle and, in 
spite of the gallantry of officers and men, the whole line 
was pressed steadily back. Crossing the Nine Mile road, 
the Confederates bore down on the Union right flank with 
continually increasing force. The position of the Fifty- 
second Pennsylvania, a half-mile to the right and front 
of Fair Oaks, brought it into action on a different part 
of the field from that of the other regiments of the bri- 
gade, and at a somewhat later hour. Two companies 
were on the picket line, and a heavy detail upon the 
Chickahominy bridge with Lieutenant-Colonel Hoyt, as 
previously stated. It moved from its camp in line of 
battle towards Seven Pines, and at first held the extreme 
right. By the time it had become engaged the enemy 
had turned the left flank and had broken through on the 
Williamsburg road. General Naglee, who had been up 
on this part of the field, in his official report says : " Re- 
turning rapidly to my Fifty-sixth New York, Eleventh 
Maine, and Fifty-second Pennsylvania, my anticipations 
w^ere here realized ; being successful in turning our flank, 
the enemy had opened a most destructive cross-fire from 

47 



The Fifty- Second Regiment 

pieces near the redoubt, and this with the fire from their 
immediate front was no longer to be endured, and they 
were withdrawn, marched down the Nine Mile road, and 
placed in position in rear of this road about three hun- 
dred yards from the Seven Pines, where soon their ser- 
vices were required. In the meantime the colonel of 
the Twenty-third Pennsylvania had come upon the 
ground occupied by Colonel Dodge with the Fifty-second, 
and induced him to advance in front and to the right of 
the position that had been assigned him, whilst he, 
Colonel Neill, occupied that which the Fifty-second 
vacated. But these dispositions were scarcely made be- 
fore the masses of the enemy broke through, and a few 
minutes sufficed to leave the half of Dodge's command 
on the ground, and to force Neill precipitately from his 
position. The remaining portion of the Fifty-second 
(for it was now reduced to a little over a hundred men) 
was conducted along the Nine Mile road to the Seven 
Pines, where, finding the rifle-pits occupied, they took 
possession of a fence and small buildings and did most 
effective service. Afterwards they crossed to the left 
of Couch's first position, and advanced two hundred 
yards into and along the woods to the left and front of 
Seven Pines, where they remained actively employed until 
near dark, when the enemy advancing rapidly in masses 
to the rear of the Nine Mile road, inclined towards the 
Williamsburg road, sweeping everything from the field, 
our forces made one general simultaneous movement to 
the rear, which did not stop until all had arrived at the 
line of defence. The Fifty-second Pennsylvania, being 
so far to the front, had their line of retreat cut off, and 
escaped by passing through the woods to the left and rear 

48 



Pennsylvania Volunteers 

of the saw-mill at the White Oak swamp, and thence to 
the line above referred to, where they rejoined their com- 
rades of the First Brigade." 

The two companies on the picket line, and the pioneers 
on the Chickahominy under Colonel Hoyt, reported to 
General Sumner, when he arrived on the ground, and in 
the language of his official report, " remained with him 
until Sunday, rendering most valuable service and behav- 
ing well." 

And now, having outlined the battle on the Williams- 
burg road, and followed the Fifty-second Pennsylvania 
through its conspicuous part in the sanguinary scenes on 
that part of the field, let us return to the right under 
Couch near Fair Oaks, where a most momentous strug- 
gle took place, which, with the aid of part of the Second 
Corps under Sumner, coming across with Sedgwick's 
division, from the north side of the river, and with 
Kirby's battery lifted, lugged, and dragged through the 
mud along with him, turned the tide on that part of the 
battle-field into a most disastrous defeat for the enemy. 

The Confederates under General Gustavus W. Smith, 
composing the left wing of their forces, and having with 
them General Jos. E. Johnston, their commander-in-chief, 
had been delayed in carrying out their part of the " plan," 
but late in the afternoon had pushed Couch back to the 
neighborhood of the Adams House, not far from Fair 
Oaks Station, where he was manfully holding on in 
hopes of being reinforced from the other side of the 
river. General F. A. Walker says : 

" It was 5 o'clock when the head of Sedgwick's column, 
issuing from a belt of wood, saw in front Couch's 
four regiments still massed at the Adams House, uncer- 

4 4Q 



The Fifty- Second Regiment 

tain whether the arrival of reinforcements would enable 
them to hold their position, or whether they should be 
obliged to attempt to cut their way through to rejoin the 
rest of their corps along the Williamsburg road. Couch's 
timely withdrawal to the Adams House had not only 
saved his command from immediate destruction, but had 
deterred Whiting's (Confederate) division from passing 
across his front to attack Keyes's right. Uncertain as 
to Couch's numbers, Whiting had called in four brigades 
■ — his own, Hatton's, Hampton's, and Pettigrew's — to 
attack our troops at the Adams House, while Hood's 
Texan brigade was halted on its way to attack Keyes, 
awaiting the issue of the impending contest at Fair Oaks. 
These dispositions had consumed the time which enabled 
Sedgwick's column to reach the field. Hardly, however, 
had the first four regiments of Sedgwick — the First Min- 
nesota, Fifteenth Massachusetts, Thirty-fourth and 
Eighty-second New York — been thrown into line on the 
right and left of Couch's brigade; hardly had the gallant 
Kirby brought his gleaming Napoleons into battery on 
the right of the Adams House, when the storm burst. 

" Three Confederate brigades were heavily massed 
in a body of woods whose inner edge was held by three 
regiments, — the First Minnesota on the right, then the 
Sixty-fifth New York, then the Eighty-second Pennsyl- 
vania, — extending to the road which led from the Adams 
House down to Fair Oaks Station. On our left of this 
road was Kirby's battery, with two guns of Brady's sup- 
ported by the Sixty-second New York and the Seventh and 
Fifteenth Massachusetts. This covered the whole front of 
the enemy's attack, which did not greatl}'- exceed four hun- 
dred yards. The action was fought under the very eyes 

so 



Pennsylvania Volunteers 

of Generals Smith and Johnston, and the presence of their 
chiefs inspired the Confederate troops to the most reso- 
lute and desperate exertions. Again and again did they 
seek to break through the infantry line on the right of 
Kirby ; every time they were driven back by the steady fire 
of the three regiments stationed there. x\gain and again 
they charged Kirby's battery in front, some of the bravest 
falling within tifteen feet of Kirby's guns; every time 
they were swept away by the deadly discharges of canis- 
ter, double-shotted, which were served them by Kirby and 
his gallant Lieutenants Woodruff and French. The 
Union line would not be broken or shaken in its stout 
defence. 

" And now the arrival of other regiments crowding 
up from Grapevine bridge enables General Sumner to 
assume the aggressive. The white-haired old chieftain, 
who has never since the first shot was fired been distant 
ten yards from the infantry line, sends two of Burns's 
Pennsylvania regiments to the support of the First Minne- 
sota on the right, where General Sedgwick is watching the 
fortunes of the battle, directs General Couch to assume 
command of the centre, and himself proceeds to form a 
line of battle on the left at right angles with that which 
had so long withstood the fierce assaults of the Confeder- 
ates. For this purpose he deploys the Fifteenth IMassa- 
chusetts. Thirty- fourth and Eighty-second New York, 
Seventh ^Michigan and Twentieth ^Massachusetts, and 
leads them across the front of the main line. The charge 
was timely and it sufficed. The Confederates, heavily 
massed in the woods, had suffered fearfully from the 
fire, both of artiller}' and musketry, to which they had 
been for an hour subjected. Twelve hundred had fallen 

51 



The Fifty- Second Regiment 

in their vain efforts to break our Hne, and capture Kirby's 
guns. General Hatton had been killed , Generals Hamp- 
ton and Pettigrew severely wounded. The charge of 
Sumner's new line, taking them in the flank, was some- 
thing they were ill prepared to resist. 

" At first our troops advanced, firing, but they gath- 
ered inspiration as they went on ; of a sudden a sharp 
clatter along the whole line told that bayonets were being 
fixed, and with a cheer our men sprang forward and 
Fair Oaks was won. The enemy sullenly gave way; 
General Pettigrew, severely wounded, was brought into 
the hospital at the Adams House, and three field officers, 
with many wounded and unwounded prisoners, and one, 
or perhaps two, colors remained in our hands as the fruits 
of this victory. Night was now fast closing in, and 
Generals Semmes and Griffith had been hurriedly 
called in." 



52 



CHAPTER VI. 

ANOTHER ACCOUNT OF THE BATTLE. 

Another account of the operations immediately pre- 
ceding this battle, and a graphic description of the battle 
itself, written by Horace Greeley, appeared some years 
ago in the National Tribune, and is included here as 
corroborative of the part taken by Casey's division and 
Naglee's brigade (of which the Fifty-second Pennsyl- 
vania Regiment fomied a part). There are some obvious 
errors in his account, which it is deemed best to correct 
here at the beginning, so it will be read more under- 
standingly. 

His first error is in stating that " The first collision on 
the Chickahominy between the advance of General Mc- 
Clellan's army and the rebels occurred May 24th near 
New Bridge." The first scrap was on May 20th at Bot- 
toms Bridge, in which one hundred picked men of the 
Fifty-second Pennsylvania under Captain Greenleaf P. 
Davis, the One Hundred and Fourth Pennsylvania under 
Colonel W. W. H. Davis, and two companies of the 
Eleventh Maine were engaged ; and the first man wounded 
was a soldier of the Fifty-second Pennsylvania, as stated 
by Colonel Davis in his account of that affair heretofore 
given. So the Fifty-second Pennsylvania shed the first 
blood on the Chickahominy, and the affair at New Bridge 
on the 24th was not " the first collision " with the enemy 
on that historic stream. 

The next error of Mr. Greeley is where he says, 
" Couch's division took up — May 28th, by order — a posi- 

53 



The Fifty- Second Regiment 

tion some miles in advance, at a place known as Seven 
Pines, on the direct road from Bottoms Bridge to Rich- 
mond." The fact is that Naglee's brigade (and Casey's 
division) held and occupied a position half a mile or more 
in advance of that which Couch " took up " on the 28th, 
two or three days previously. The error is in giving 
the impression that Couch's division " took up a position 
some miles in advance " and that Casey's division was 
brought up afterwards, when the contrary was the case. 

The next error is that where he says, " General Casey 
ordered up General Naglee's infantry brigade, consist- 
ing of the Fifty-sixth and One Hundredth New York, 
Eleventh Maine, and One Hundred and Fourth Pennsyl- 
vania," leaving out the Fifty-second Pennsylvania en- 
tirely. This was no doubt purely an oversight of his. 
An explanation of this may be that the Fifty-second was 
so far in the advance that Greeley's informant failed to 
see it. 

Another error is in saying, " It was a quarter past 
three before Heintzelman came fairly into the fight." 
Colonel Davis says, " General Keyes sent to Heintzel- 
man for reinforcements, but his leading brigade did not 
arrive until 5 o'clock." Davis also says, " Naglee's bri- 
gade, on the right of the first line, fought unaided, and 
troops never made a better defence against overpowering 
numbers, but he was obliged to fall back, and for the 
balance of the day his regiments united with those of the 
second line." The Confederate General Jos. E. John- 
ston, in his " Manassas to Seven Pines " (see Century 
Magazine, vol. 30, p. 117, etc.), says of this part of the 
battle: " Keyes's corps (Casey's and Couch's divisions) 
was united at Seven Pines and reinforced by Kearney's 

54 



Pennsylvania Volunteers 

division (Heintzelman's corps) coming from Savage's 
Station. But the three divisions were so vigorously- 
attacked by Hill that they were broken and driven from 
their intrenchments, the greater part along the Williams- 
burg road to the intrenched line at Savage's Station. 
Two brigades of their left, however, fled to White Oak 
swamp." These two brigades were of Heintzelman's 
corps, being Jameson's and Berry's brigades (Kearney's 
division), which had come late on the field and been 
pushed up the Williamsburg road, were enveloped by the 
masses of the enemy which came in on their flank and 
rear, and forced to " take to the woods " bordering 
White Oak swamp to escape capture, coming back from 
the left to the line of intrenchments held by Casey and 
Couch, and to which they had retired down the Williams- 
burg road, late in the evening. Heintzelman made head- 
quarters at Savage's house, and was probably no nearer 
the front than that, or he would not have sent that even- 
ing a message to McClellan that " he saw no reason why 
we should have been driven back." Colonel Davis says 
Heintzelman " was not in the proper place to see it." 
No doubt when McClellan learned that some of Heintzel- 
man's division had been forced to flee towards White 
Oak swamp to escape, there was at least some reason 
for Casey being driven back, and he gives the reason in 
his own official report, in which he says : " The enemy 
came on in heavy force, attacking General Casey simul- 
taneously in front and on both flanks. General Naglee's 
brigade with the batteries of General Casey's division, 
which Naglee directed, struggled gallantly to maintain the 
redoubt and rifle-pits against the overwhelming masses 
of the enemy. They were reinforced by one regiment 

55 



The Fifty- Second Regiment 

from General Peck's brigade. The left of this position 
was, however, soon turned, and a sharp cross-fire opened 
upon the gunners and the men in the ritie-pits; some of 
the guns in the redoubt were taken, and the whole line 
was driven back upon the position occupied by General 
Couch." 

Another error of Mr. Greeley is in his closing lines, 
where he says, " Ten days later we had not recovered the 
ground held by Casey's advance on the morning of May 
31." This is so obviously untrue that it hardly needs 
contradiction, but to set at rest any doubts of the matter 
let us quote from the account given by the Confederate 
General Gustavus W. Smith, who succeeded General 
Johnston in command when the latter was wounded late 
on the evening of May 31st, and who turned the com- 
mand over to General R. E. Lee about 2 o'clock the next 
day, — Sunday, June ist. In his "The Second Day at 
Seven Pines " (Century Magazine, vol. 30, p. 122, etc.), 
he says, " During the night of the ist of June the troops 
under Longstreet quietl}^ fell back to resume their former 
positions in front of Richmond. The division under 
Whiting, on the Nine Mile road, remained for several 
days confronting the Federal position it had attacked 
north of Fair Oaks Station." It is not probable that 
Whiting's division, after Longstreet's withdrawal, was on 
the Nine Mile road much in advance of Old Tavern, and 
he would not have remained even at that point " several 
days " had not the commander of the Federal army per- 
mitted him to remain. Our troops did not reoccupy 
Casey's camps again, but details were sent there and over 
the battle-field on Monday, June 2d, to gather and bury 
the dead, and recover some of our wounded who had 



Pennsylvania Volunteers 

been left on the field Saturday afternoon, and whom 
the rebels had left behind when they retired Sunday 
night. 

Among those who went on this sad errand was Chaplain 
Gries, of the One Hundred and Fourth Pennsylvania 
(whose brother, Major Gries, was mortally wounded in the 
battle and died a few days after), who wrote as follows of 
that experience : "On Monday, hearing that the rebels had 
retired during the night, and that our old camp and battle- 
ground at Fair Oaks was clear, I started to search for the 
wounded and to bury the dead. When I reached the 
regiment" (he had been at Savage's Station caring for 
and shipping away by train the wounded) " Adjutant 
Hart accompanied me with a fatigue party. We sepa- 
rated at the fork of the Nine Mile and Williamsburg 
roads, and divided the party. Close by the house of 
Seven Pines I found States, of Company F, lying dead. 
His brother, who was with me, recognized, if he did not 
see him first. We buried him as decently as possible, 
and then began to look for more. Close by we found a 
rebel still groaning, with the maggots swarming in and 
out of a wound in his head. In a tent were two dead 
rebel officers, and outside was a captain of a Michigan 
regiment with his name pinned on his breast. At the old 
log house we found a sad sight, as well as along the road 
to it, — dead soldiers. Union and rebel, horses and broken 
wagons. In the old house were dead and wounded 
packed together, some of the living hardly showing signs 
of life. We ministered to them and got them off to the 
rear. We then struck through the wood toward the line 
the regiment occupied in the battle, searching for the 
wounded, but found none except of other regiments. 

57 



The Fifty- Second Regiment 

When we got to the Fair Oaks building, we rested by the 
wood-pile, and in a few minutes a party of our own men, 
who had gone that road with Captain Pickering, came up 
to us carrying some of our wounded. I procured an 
ambulance for their relief, when we struck for the regi- 
ment. The road was lined with dead horses, and in the 
fields were dead rebels lying in rows like the wdndrow 
work of a reaper. The air was loaded wath stench, and 
the sun was almost overpowering. What with this, and 
the sights we had seen, and the work we had done, we 
just managed to drag ourselves back to the rifle-pits." 

Adjutant Hart, of the same regiment (One Hundred 
and Fourth Penns3dvania) said: "Never can the recol- 
lection of that field be effaced from the memory of those 
who witnessed it on that day. The weather being ex- 
tremely hot, with frecjuent showers, the dead had become 
bloated and swollen until their clothes could scarcely con- 
tain them; the blood still oozing from gaping wounds; 
the ground saturated with gore. Flies in myriads 
swamied around; dead horses with saddles and harness 
still on ; broken guns ; remains of camps with food cooked 
for Saturday's dinner untouched; the air polluted with 
stifling odors arising from decomposing bodies ; wounded 
men in the agonies of death — all tended to make the 
heart sick and the soul shudder at the sight. I visited 
the late head-quarters of the One Hundred and Fourth 
on the Nine Mile road. Here I found the log house 
filled with wounded and dead soldiers. Some w^ere our 
own men. The wounded had been refreshed from the 
stock of provisions left by the field and staff. Here the 
rebel General Roger A. Pryor had assisted in the ampu- 
tation of a limb of a member of the One Hundred and 

S8 



Pennsylvania Volunteers 

Fourth " (see Colonel Davis's History of the One Hun- 
dred and Fourth Pennsylvania). 

The following article, written by Horace Greeley and 
which appeared in the National Tribune^ describes the 
battle of Fair Oaks or Seven Pines : 

" The first collision on the Chickahominy between the 
advance of General McClellan's army and the rebels 
occurred May 24, near New Bridge, where the Fourth 
Michigan, Colonel Woodbury, waded the stream and 
assailed and drove off a superior rebel force, losing but 
eight men in all, and taking thirty-seven prisoners, of 
whom fifteen w^ere wounded. 

" Directly afterward General Fitz-John Porter, com- 
manding the Fifth Corps on our right, was ordered by 
General McClellan to advance from New Bridge via 
Mechanicsville to Hanover Court-House in order to 
facilitate and render secure General McDowell's expected 
junction from Fredericksburg. Starting at 3 a.m., May 
27, in a pouring rain, our cavalry advance, under General 
W. H. Emory, had reached at noon a point two miles 
southward of the Court House, where the road forks 
to Ashland, and where the enemy were found in position 
to bar our further progress. 

" The Twenty-fifth New York and Berdan's sharp- 
shooters speedily coming up. they were deployed by, 
General Emory, with a section of Benson's battery, and 
thus advanced slowly toward the enemy until reinforced 
by General D. C. Butterfield, with four regiments of his 
brigade, when the enemy was charged and quickly routed ; 
one of his guns being captured by Colonel Lansing's 
Seventeenth New York. 

" The cavalry, Benson's battery, and General Morell's 

59 



The Fifty-Second Regiment 

infantry and artillery keenly pursued the fugitives, while 
Martindale's brigade, with a section of artillery, ad- 
vanced on the Ashland road, pushing back the enemy in 
his front, until ordered to reform his brigade and move 
up the railroad to the Court-House. One regiment hav- 
ing taken that course, General Martindale was left with 
but two and a half regiments and one section of Martin's 
battery, when he was attacked by a superior force and 
compelled to maintain the unequal contest for an hour. 

" Meantime General Porter, at the Court-House, learn- 
ing that his rear was thus attacked, faced his whole col- 
umn about and moved rapidly to the rescue, sending the 
Thirteenth and Fourteenth New York, with Griffin's 
battery, directly to Martindale's assistance, pushing the 
Ninth Massachusetts and Sixty-second Pennsylvania 
through the woods on the right (west) to take the enem}^ 
in flank; while Butterfield, with the Eighty-third Pennsyl- 
vania and Sixteenth Michigan, hastened through the 
woods still farther to the right, and compelled the rout 
of the enemy. 

" The Thirteenth New York, of Colonel G. K. War- 
ren's brigade, which, having been delayed repairing 
bridges, had not hitherto been in action, now came up on 
our left, and, the odds being too palpable, the Confeder- 
ates made a rapid retreat. Their loss is stated by General 
McClellan at some 200 killed, 730 prisoners (including 
wounded), one 12-pound howitzer, many small arms, 
two railroad trains, and their camp at Hanover Court- 
House captured and destroyed. We lost 53 killed and 
344 Avounded. The rebel force thus defeated consisted 
of General L. O'B. Branch's Division of North Carolina 
and Georgia troops, supposed by General McClellan to be 
about 9000 strong. 

60 



Pennsylvania Volunteers 

" FOURTH CORPS ADVANCES. 

" The Chickahominy opposite Richmond, twenty or 
thirty miles from its mouth, is a sluggish, oozy mill- 
stream, three to four rods wide, often fordable, but tra- 
versing a swampy, miry bottom, generally wooded, half 
a mile to a mile wide, bordered by low, irregular bluffs. 

" All the bridges by which it was previously crossed 
were, of course, destroyed in their retreat by the rebels, 
but Brigadier-General H. M. Naglee, of Casey's division, 
Keyes's (Fourth) Corps, leading our advance on the left, 
crossed it near Bottoms Bridge, May 20, without diffi- 
culty, wholly unopposed, followed by the rest of the 
corps three days later, the bridge having been meantime 
rebuilt. 

" During the three following days — May 24, 25 and 
26 — Naglee made a splendid reconnoissance toward Rich- 
mond, and to within two miles of the James, on our left ; 
Couch's division took up — May 28, by order — a position 
some miles in advance, at a place known as the Seven 
Pines, on the direct road from Bottoms Bridge to Rich- 
mond, which he proceeded hastily to fortify with abatis, 
rifle-pits, etc., and by building up and arming a small 
redoubt. 

" Meantime the remaining division (Casey's) of 
Keyes's corps was advanced to and encamped about the 
station known as Fair Oaks, on the Richmond and York 
River Railroad, to the right and rather in advance of 
Couch's position. 

" Heintzelman's (Third) Corps had crossed after 
Keyes's, and been stationed in his rear, but rather to the 
left, so as to observe the roads debouching on that side 
from White Oak Swamp, whereby we might be unex- 

61 



The Fifty- Second Regiment 

pectedly assailed in flank. Sumner's Corps was still north 
of the Chickahominy, some miles higher up, ready to 
cross at command. 

" General McCIellan was with Fitz-John Porter's and 
Franklin's Corps at and near New Bridge, nearly ten 
miles above Bottoms Bridge. Heintzelman, as senior 
major-general, was in command on the left until Sumner 
appeared. 

" The enemy being seen in force barely a mile from 
our front, Casey's pickets were posted some half a mile 
in advance of his line. It rained heavily throughout the 
night of May 30, swelling the Chickahominy to an ex- 
traordinary height, flooding its miry bottom, and setting 
afloat several of our new-made bridges. 

" General Joe Johnston, who accompanied the rebel 
army, saw his opportunity and resolved to profit by it. 
The roads of all that region centre upon Richmond, radi- 
ating thence like the folds of a fan, and affording a con- 
siderable advantage in manceuvring to the combatant who 
holds the city. 

" Johnston's preparations. 

" Informed by his scouts of the numbers and isolated 
position of Keyes's Corps, Johnston resolved to assail 
and crush it before it could be adequately reinforced. 
To this end he directed Major-General Longstreet, with 
his own and General D. H. Hill's divisions, the latter 
in advance, to push out by the Williamsburg road and 
attack our position in front, while General Huger's, on 
his right, was to move down the Charles City road and 
come in on our left flank, and General Gustavus W. Smith 
was to move out on the New Bridge road to Old Tavern, 
taking thence the Nine Mile road to Fair Oaks Station, 

62 



Pennsylvania Volunteers 

and so come in on our right. The entire rebel army de- 
fending RicJinioud — some 40^000 or 50,000 strong — was 
either engaged in or supporting this movement, with 
Jefferson Davis, General Lee, and other magnates observ- 
ing, directing, animating, and giving counsel. 

" The attacking columns were to move at daybreak, 
May 31, but the tremendous rains of the preceding after- 
noon and night had so flooded the earth as to render the 
moving of artillery exceedingly difficult, the infantry 
often wading through water two or three feet deep. 
Huger's flank movement had not yet culminated when 
Hill, who had for some time waited impatiently in our 
immediate front, at i p.m. gave the signal to his division 
to advance and attack. 

" Casey's division w^as surprised as well as largely out- 
numbered. Having been scarcely two days in this posi- 
tion, their defensive works were not of much account, 
and even their commander did not consider the matter 
serious until a vidette reported the enemy advancing in 
force about the same moment that two shells came hiss- 
ing over their heads. Dropping the axes and spades 
wherewith they were felling trees for abatis and digging 
rifle-pits, our soldiers at the front hurriedly stood to 
their arms as our pickets came running in. 

" General Casey promptly sent forward Spratt's bat- 
tery of four 3-inch rifle-guns to a position in front of his 
rifle-pits, and ordered up General Naglee's infantry bri- 
gade, consisting of the Fifty-sixth and One Hundredth 
New York, Eleventh Maine, and One Hundred and 
Fourth Pennsylvania,* to its support; while he disposed 
his seven remaining regiments and three batteries on 

* The S2d Penna. was of this Brigade and already at the front, 
so it was not necessary to order it up. 

63 



The Fifty- Second Regiment 

either side of a small redoubt, which he had hastily con- 
structed, expecting to hold his ground until the arrival 
Oil" reinforcements; and ordered his artillery to open on 
the advancing enemy. 

" But the odds were too great. The three brigades 
of Rhodes, Garland, and Anderson were immediately in 
his front, while that of Rains, by a flank movement, was 
coming in on his left. The One Hundred and Fourth 
Pennsylvania, which he had sent forward to the support 
of his pickets, came rushing back in confusion and went to 
the rear in disorder, having lost heavily by the rebel fire, 
and, though musketry and artillery were doing fearful 
execution on either side, it was plain that we must soon 
be overwhelmed. 

" Seeing that the enemy were closing in on him on both 
wings. General Casey ordered General Naglee, with what 
remained of his brigade, to charge bayonets and drive 
them back; which was done, but under a musketry fire 
that mowed down our men by hundreds. Here fell 
Colonel James M. Brown, of the One Hundredth New 
York, and Colonel Davis*, of the One Hundred and 
Fourth Pennsylvania, whose major was also mortally 
wounded ; and, our flanks being enveloped, Rains having 
gained the rear of our redoubt and firing thence on the 
flank of our infantry, Casey's division was driven back 
upon Couch, with the loss of six guns. 

" Colonel Bailey and Major Van Valkenburgh, First 
New York Artiller)^ were killed and Adjutant Ramsey 
wounded while endeavoring to save the guns in the re- 
doubt, which were the next moment seized by Rhodes and 
turned upon our flying columns. 

* Col. Davis was wounded, but not mortalh% as he walked off 
the field. 

64 



Pennsylvania Volunteers 

" To the credit of this shattered division be it recorded 
that, under a fearful enfilading fire from Rains, in addi- 
tion to that thundering on their rear from Rhodes, they 
brought off three-fourths of our guns. 

" The storm of battle now fell upon the Ninety-third 
Pennsylvania (Colonel McCarter), Fifty-fifth New York 
(Lieutenant-Colonel Thourout), Twenty-third Pennsyl- 
vania (Colonel Neill), and Sixty-first (Colonel Rippey), 
of Couch's division, who were sent forward by Keyes 
to the relief of Casey, on the right, where they fought 
gallantly and lost heavily. 

"The Seventh Massachusetts (Colonel Russell) and 
Sixty-second New York (Colonel J, L. Riker) were 
afterward sent to reinforce them, but were pressed back 
upon Fair Oaks by the enemy's overpowering advance, 
and there, uniting with the First United States Chas- 
seurs, Colonel John Cochrane, and Thirty-first Pennsyl- 
vania, Colonel Williams, held their ground till the ad- 
vance of General Sumner's corps, which had with great 
difficulty made its way across the swollen Chickahominy, 
checked the rebel advance in that direction. 

" Brigadier-General Peck, who held the left of Couch's 
position, had been divested of his regiments aforesaid, 
which were successively ordered up to the front by Couch 
or Keyes, until, at 4.30 p.m., he led the One Hundred 
and Second Pennsylvania (Colonel Rowley) and Ninety- 
third (Colonel McCarter) to the aid of our crumbling 
right, and was for half an hour sharply engaged vjith 
the triumphant enemy near Seven Pines, losing some 
ground but encamping very near his field of conflict. 

" Heintzelman was promptly summoned to the aid of 
Couch, but there was an unaccounted-for delay in the re- 
ception of the message. It was a quarter past three [ ?] 
S 6s 



The Fifty- Second Regiment 

before Heintzelman came fairly into the fight, Jami- 
son's Maine and Berry's Michigan brigades eagerly push- 
ing to the front. 

" On the rebel left. General Smith's attack was de- 
layed by Johnston, who was there in person, until 4 p.m., 
listening for the sound of Longstreet's musketry, which, 
for some atmospheric reason, he failed to hear. It was 
now too late for complete success, though his men fought 
desperately. 

" The Richmond and York River Railroad near its 
crossing of the Nine Mile road runs for a considerable 
distance on an embankment four or five feet high, form- 
ing an effective breastwork, behind which our men held 
stubbornly and fought gallantly. 

" General Abercrombie, with five regiments, was at 
Fair Oaks, instructed to hold the position at all hazards. 
Here fell General C. Devens, severely wounded, while 
of the Sixty-first Pennsylvania, Colonel Rippey, Lieu- 
tenant-Colonel Spear, and Major Smith fell dead, and 27 
of the line officers were either killed or wounded, and 
near this point, at sunset. General Joseph E. Johnston, 
the rebel commander-in-chief, was struck in the side by 
a shell and badly wounded, breaking two ribs in falling 
from his horse, so that he was disabled for service for 
several months. 

" General G. W. Smith succeeded him in command, 
but he was soon disabled by a paralytic stroke, and re- 
moved from the field. One of the last rebel charges on 
this part of the field was led by Jefferson Davis in per- 
son." [Note. — Both of these statements are errors. 
General Smith in his account (Century Magazine, vol. 30, 
p. 130) denies that he was stricken, and neither John- 

66 



Pennsylvania Volunteers 

ston, Smith, Hill, nor Longstreet, in their accounts pub- 
lished in same volume of the Century Magazine, mention 
Davis as taking an active part in the engagement.] 

'* Hearing vaguely of trouble on the left, McClellan, 
still at New Bridge, had ordered Sumner, who had Sedg- 
wick's and Richardson's divisions, to cross to the relief 
of Couch, and Sedgwick, with the advance, reached 
the field on our right an hour and a half before sunset, 
just as the triumphant rebels had turned Couch's left, 
interposing between him and Heintzelman (who in com- 
ing by had swayed to the right), with intent to sever and 
defeat our two corps on the south of the Chickahominy. 

" SEDGWICK IRRESISTIBLE. 

" Sedgwick, advancing rapidly, interposed at the critical 
moment, and, fonning in line of battle in the edge of the 
wood, with a large open field in his front, commenced a 
fire of canister from his 24 guns on the head of the 
enemy's advancing column, which staggered it, and then, 
moving forward his whole division in line of battle, he 
completely swept the field, recovering much of the ground 
that had been lost. 

" At nightfall Richardson's division, having also 
crossed over, came up on the left of Sedgwick, connecting 
with Birney's brigade, of Heintzelman's corps, on his left ; 
thus making all secure in that quarter. 

"At 6 P.M. Abercrombie, farther to our right, still 
desperately fighting, had been compelled to give ground, 
and seemed about to be enveloped by an overwhelming 
force, when the long-expected succor arrived. Gonnan's 
brigade, leading Sedgwick's division, deployed into line 
of battle along the crest of a hill in the rear of Fair Oaks, 

67 



The Fifty-Second Regiment 

and advanced down a gentle slope to the field where 
Colonel Cochrane's Chasseurs and Neill's Twenty-third 
Pennsylvania were fighting against heavy odds. 

" At this moment a furious enfilading fire of musketry- 
was received on our right, indicating an effort to turn us 
on that flank and repeat the sharp lesson of Casey's dis- 
aster. General Sedgwick instantly directed General 
Burns to deploy the Sixty-ninth and Seventy-second 
Pennsylvania to the right, himself holding the Seventy- 
first and One Plundred and Sixth in support of Gorman. 

" The rebels attacked with great fury, stampeding two 
or three battery teams, so that for a moment our lines 
seemed to waver; but Burns's calm, full-voiced order, 
'Steady, men, steady ! ' evoked a thundering cheer, fol- 
lowed by volley after volley of musketry, under which 
the enemy advanced steadily, and were charging Kirby's 
battery, when he poured into their close ranks a murder- 
ous fire of canister, which sent them rapidly to the woods 
in the rear. 

*' REBEL EFFORT FRUITLESS. 

" Meanwhile Dana's brigade had come into line on 
Gorman's left, and the rebels renewed as darkness fell 
their attempt to outflank our right, extending their left 
farther and farther, but in vain. Generals Sumner. 
Sedgwick, Dana (whose horse was killed under him). 
Burns, and Gorman each exerted himself to the utmost to 
animate and encourage their men. 

" Dana's wing was gradually advanced as the rebels 
extended their left, and the battle swayed more and more 
to our right, until our line was nearly at right angles 
with that on which we had been fighting two hours 
before. 

68 



Pennsylvania Volunteers 

"And thus the fight raged on until after 8 o'clock, 
when the rebels desisted and fell back, leaving us undis- 
puted possession of the ground zvhereon the final struggle 
zvas made. 

" Sumner's heavier artillery had been left in the 
swamps of the Chickahominy, as his infantry hurried 
forward to the battle. It was extricated during the night, 
brought forward, and properly posted by morning, when 
General McClellan also had arrived; but, alas, without 
the corps of Fitz-John Porter and Franklin, which, could 
they have come up on the New Bridge road during the 
night, might have converted Casey's demolition into a 
rebel overthrow. It does not appear that even an attempt 
was made to bring them forzvard. 

" In the morning, June i, McClellan awaited an attack, 
which, he says, was made at 6 a.m., on the left of Sum- 
ner's corps, by General Pickett, supported by General 
Roger A. Pryor's brigade of Huger's division, to which 
French's brigade on our side stood opposed. The fight 
between them was noisy, but not very bloody, due caution 
and distance being maintained on either side. [Note. — 
Those who think there was little fighting on Sunday, 
June 1st, will probably change their minds when they 
read the account of " The Second Day at Fair Oaks " 
which follows, and scan the list of casualties,— Richard- 
son's division losing 838 killed and wounded, — and when 
they consider that Longstreet, Hill, and Huger, the right 
wing of the rebel army, were defeated and driven off the 
field.] Mahone's brigade was brought up to the aid 
of Pryor, and Howard's to that of French, and finally 
Meagher's Irish regiments went to the front, and a 
desultory conflict was maintained for some two or three 
hours, during which General Howard lost his arm and 

69 



The Fifty-Second Regiment 

had two of his staff wounded. The rebels at last de- 
sisted, and returned unpursued. Their reports assert that 
they made no attack, but only repelled one. 

" The rebels remained through the day in quiet posses- 
sion of Couch's and Casey's camps, sending oft' muskets, 
tents, and camp equipages to Richmond; themselves fol- 
lozvmg after nightfall. Johnston says that Smith did 
not renew his attack on our right, because of his discovery 
of strong intrenchments in that quarter, which he had not 
seen the night before. It is certain that he was not dis- 
turbed by any demonstration on our part, and retired 
wholly unmolested. Ten days later we had not recovered 
the ground held by Casey's advance on the morning of 
May 31." [This last statement is contradicted by the 
italicized lines just above, and by statements quoted at 
beginning of this chapter.] 



70 



CHAPTER VII. 

THE SECOND DAY AT FAIR OAKS. 

Having gone so fully into the general movements and 
operations of the troops engaged in the first day's fight- 
ing, it seems not only proper but necessary to complete 
the story by giving, at least, an outline of the next day's 
engagement, which was almost wholly confined to an 
attack by Longstreet on Richardson's division of Sum- 
ner's corps, near Fair Oaks Station. The first day had 
been bloody enough, but it seems it had not been decisive 
enough to satisfy either side in the conflict. On the 
Union side a council of war was held in General Sum- 
ner's tent at 2 o'clock, Sunday morning, June ist, and 
it was resolved to attack the enemy as soon as disposi- 
tion for that purpose could be made. (See " The Penin- 
sula," by General Webb, p. 114.) 

On the Confederate side General Gustavus W. Smith, 
now in command, sent for General Longstreet during 
the night and ordered him to attack the next morning. 
General Smith says (see Century Magazine article) : " I 
directed General Longstreet to send one brigade of 
Huger's division to support the troops on the Nine Mile 
road, and renew the fighting with the remainder of the 
right wing as early as possible after daylight, directing 
his efforts north instead of any further east, pivoting this 
movement on the position of Whiting near Fair Oaks 
Station. General Longstreet was assured that when a 
determined attack by the right wing was well developed 
it should be favored by a strong demonstration, and, if 
necessary, by a real attack by Whiting's command, and 

71 



The Fifty- Second Regiment 

other troops to be brought up on the Nine Mile road. 
Longstreet objected to renewing the attack with the right 
wing of the army, and said it ought to be done by my 
division, which he thought had done Httle fighting on the 
31st. After hearing all he chose to say on the subject, 
I gave the positive order, as above, and General Long- 
street returned to the Williamsburg road. I then wrote 
to General Lee, who was in general charge in Richmond 
of all Confederate army operations, telling him what 
had been determined on, what orders had been given, 
and asking that such re-enforcements as were within 
reach should be sent. General Lee's reply is dated Rich- 
mond, 5 A.M. He says: 'Ripley will be ordered, and 
such forces from General Holmes as can be got up will 
be sent. Your movementsi are judicious, and deter- 
mination to strike the enemy right.' " 

The positions of the opposing forces at this time were 
about as follows : On the Union side Sedgwick's division 
and part of Couch's, and five batteries, were on the ex- 
treme right, facing nearly west. On the left of Sedg- 
wick, at an angle parallel with the railroad, was Richard- 
son's division, in three lines of a brigade front each, and 
four batteries. On the left Keyes's corps held the works 
south of the Williamsburg road protected by sixty pieces 
of artillery. Heintzelman's corps held the line between 
Keyes and Sumner, with artillery. 

On the Confederate side the troops under Longstreet 
had all been brought to the front. His extreme right 
was on the Williamsburg road east of Seven Pines; his 
left near two wood roads near Fair Oaks Station, the 
troops on his right facing east, those on his left facing 
north; G. W. Smith's division, now under Whiting, a 



Pennsylvania Volunteers 

little west of Fair Oaks Station, near the ground on which 
it had fought the previous afternoon, 

"About five o'clock on Sunday morning (June i) in 
the gray of dawn, the Confederate skirmishers in front 
of Richardson opened fire." Smith says these were 
Hood's enterprising Texans, and that " They were im- 
mediately recalled, because it was intended that the attack 
should be made by the right wing under Longstreet." 

George W. Mindil, then aide on the staff of General 
Phil. Kearney, gives a description of the engagement that 
followed. He says : " At half-past six o'clock a deter- 
mined assault was made against General French's line 
(of Richardson's division), the enemy pushing forward 
along the two wood roads that crossed this line heavy 
columns of attack, supporting them on both flanks by 
battalions of infantry in deployed line. The firing com- 
menced within half musket shot, and was maintained 
at closer quarters for nearly an hour and a half before 
the enemy's column wavered and broke. 

" Hardly had fresh Federal regiments taken the place 
of those which had exhausted their ammunition in re- 
pulsing the Confederate attack at 8 a.m., when the enemy's 
column, strongly re-enforced, gave a general yell, and 
again dashed forward to the attack. This renewed fight 
was of the most desperate and sanguinary character, 
lasting more than an hour, when the enemy were again 
driven back, without gaining a single point of the Union 
line. ... So fierce was the fighting in Richardson's 
front that he sustained a loss of nearly 800 men in a divis- 
ion much smaller in numbers than Sedgwick's, and his men 
were partly protected by the railroad embankment. . . . 
As Hooker neared the clearing on Hyer's farm, he 

1Z 



The Fifty-Second Regiment 

ordered his four regiments to charge; this cleared the 
woods, and the enemy were entirely broken. . . . 
Hooker was now on the right flank and rear of the forces 
engaged with Richardson, and he was not slow to improve 
his opportunity." 

Again Mindil says : " After Richardson's and 
Hooker's divisions and Birney's brigade had driven the 
Confederates well back from the railroad in front of the 
position held by Richardson during the night, Sickles's 
brigade united with these forces and a general advance 
was made. No serious opposition was encountered, and 
Casey's camp was reoccupied before two o'clock p.m., 
the ground being covered with the rebel dead and 
wounded as well as our own." [Note. — General D. H. 
Hill claims that they did not evacuate Casey's camp until 
two o'clock A.M., June 2d.] 

When the rebels were thus defeated and driven back 
towards Richmond on June ist, it created consternation 
in the Confederate capital and demoralization in the 
ranks of the southern army. The condition of the Con- 
federates on that Sunday morning is clearly portrayed 
in the account given by Mr. William Henry Hurlbert, 
the translator of Prince de Joinville's work on the war, 
who was in Richmond during the battle. He says : 
" They were in a perfect chaos of brigades and regi- 
ments. The roads in Richmond were literally covered 
with stragglers, some throwing away their guns, some 
breaking them on the trees, all with the same story," etc. 

General Barnard, who was McClellan's chief of artil- 
lery, says : " The repulse of the rebels at Fair Oaks should 
have been taken advantage of. It was one of those 
* occasions ' which, if not seized, do not repeat them- 
selves. We now know the state of disorganization and 

74 



Pennsylvania Volunteers 

dismay in which the rebel army retreated. We now know 
that it could have been followed into Richmond. Had 
it been so, there would have been no resistance to over- 
come to bring over our right wing." 

Another historian (Wm. Cullen Bryant) says: " About 
noon " (June ist) " McClellan came over. He was quite 
satisfied with what had been achieved, and had no special 
orders to give. In the judgment of all his corps com- 
manders, if the pursuit had been pressed, Richmond 
would have fallen." 

THE LOSSES. 

On the Confederate side General Johnston reported the 
loss in General G. W. Smith's division at 1283, and in 
Longstreet's command (Longstreet's and Hill's divis- 
ions) at ''about 3000, of which 2700 was in Hill's." 
(This loss was in the first day's fighting.) The Confed- 
erate loss second day must have been about 1200; among 
the killed were Brigadier-General Robert Hatton, of Ten- 
nessee, Colonel Moore, of Alabama, Colonel Jones, 
Twelfth Alabama, Colonel Lomax, Third Alabama, 
Colonel Giles, Fifth South Carolina, Colonel Lightfoot, 
Twenty-second North Carolina, and among the wounded 
was the Confederate commander-in-chief, General Jos. 
E. Johnston (severely, and carried from the field), also 
Generals Rhodes, Garland, and Wade Hampton. South 
Carolina, Colonel Goodwin, Ninth Virginia; while Gen- 
eral Pettigrew, Colonel C. Davis, of South Carolina, and 
Colonel Long were taken prisoners, General Pettigrew 
being wounded. 

On the Union side the losses, as summed up from the 
official reports, were : in the first day's battle : Casey's 
division 1429, Couch's division 1168, Kearney's division 

75 



The Fifty- Second Regiment 

884, Sedgwick's 347, unattached 4, — total 3832. In the 
second day's fighting: Richardson's division 838, Bir- 
ney's brigade of Kearney's division 207, Hooker's divis- 
ion 154, — total 1 1 99. 

Total for the two days 5031. On the Union side no 
general officers were either killed or captured. Briga- 
dier-General O. O. Howard lost an arm in the second 
day's fight near Fair Oaks Station. The casualties among 
officers of Casey's division are given below. It may be 
incomplete, as it is found impossible to verify it by refer- 
ence to all the regimental reports. In this division the 
officers of the artillery suffered severely, as will be seen, 
and some of the regiments had more casualties among 
officers than others which fought alongside of them in 
the same brigade. 

Casey's division : artillery : 

Colonel G. D. Bailey, chief of artillery, killed. 

Major Van Vaulkenberg, First New York Artil- 
lery, killed. 

Adjutant Wm. Ramsey, First New York Artillery, 
wounded. 

Captain Spratt, Battery B, First New York Artil- 
lery, wounded. 

Lieutenant Howell, Battery H, First New York 
Artillery, wounded. 

naglee's brigade: 

One Hundredth New York: 

Colonel J. M. Brown, killed. 
Lieutenant-Colonel Stanton, wounded. 
Major C. N. Otis, wounded. 

76 



Pennsylvania Volunteers 

Captain D. D. Nash, wounded. 
Captain Nicholson, wounded. 
Lieutenant Kellogg, killed. 
Lieutenant Brown, wounded. 
Lieutenant Brunck, wounded. 
Lieutenant Mayo, wounded. 

One Hundred and Fourth Pennsylvania: 

Colonel W. W. H. Davis, wounded. 
Major Gries, mortally wounded. 
Captain Orem, wounded. 
Captain Burhans, wounded. 
Lieutenant McDowell, killed. 

Fifty-sixth New York: 

Colonel C. H. Van Wyck, wounded slightly by a 
shell which doubled up his sword sheath and bruised his 
knee. 

Fifty-second Pennsylvania: 

Captain G. R. Lennard, wounded. 
Captain G. P. Davis, wounded. 
Captain J. Chamberlain, wounded. 
Lieutenant Weidensaul, wounded. 
Lieutenant Cuskaden, wounded. 

Eleventh Maine: 
Lieutenant Price, Company G, wounded. 

The casualties in the Fifty-second Pennsylvania were 
125, of which 26 were killed or died of wounds. The 
One Hundred and Fourth Pennsylvania reported 167 
killed and wounded. 

77 



CHAPTER VIII. 

AT THE CHICKAHOMINY BRIDGES. 

On the afternoon of June 4, 1862, Naglee's brigade 
left its camp near Seven Pines and marched down the 
WilHamsburg road, in a pouring rain which continued 
all day, and went into bivouac in the vicinity of Bottoms 
Bridge and the York River Railroad bridge, on Wade's 
farm. Here shortly afterwards new^ camp equipage was 
supplied, also clothing; and on June 12th the paymaster 
made his first appearance since leaving Washington. He 
was a welcome visitor. This movement was to protect 
these crossings of the Chickahominy. The brigade was 
placed in the rifle-pits and redoubt already there, and set 
to work strengthening the defences of the crossings in 
anticipation of the withdrawal of the army from the 
north side of the river. Additional rifle-pits and earth- 
works were constructed, and Bottoms Bridge was rebuilt. 
One regiment, the One Hundred and Fourth Pennsyl- 
vania, w^as sent across to the east side to guard Dispatch 
Station and the railroad down as far as Tunstalls Station. 
The Fifty-second was employed in fatigue duty (con- 
structing the works) and in picket duty in the swamp be- 
tween the two bridges and northward. On the 27th of 
June, Fitz-John Porter, with the Fifth Corps and some 
re-enforcements from the south side, fought the battle 
of Gaines's Mill, and, although he held his position at 
dark, retired across the river during the night at the 
Grapevine and Sumner's bridges, some three to five miles 
northwest of Bottoms Bridge. These bridges were de- 
stroyed as soon as Porter was over. McClellan's army 

78 



Pennsylvania Volunteers 

was now all on the south side. The enemy soon put in 
an appearance near Dispatch Station, compelling the One 
Hundred and Fourth Pennsylvania to " get back " over 
Bottoms Bridge. The army stores and supplies at Dis- 
patch Station were hurried up to Savage's Station, and 
communication with McClellan's base of supplies at 
White House Landing, on the Pamunky, cut off. The 
" change of base " to the James River had been decided 
upon the night before. General Casey had been sent to 
White House to look after matters there, and General 
Peck placed in command of the division. The positions 
of the regiments of Naglee's brigade at this time were as 
follows: The Fifty-second Pennsylvania and Eleventh 
Maine lined the river from the railroad bridge to Bottoms 
Bridge, — the Fifty-sixth and One Hundredth New York 
in the rifle-pits and redoubt, — while the One Hundred 
and Fourth Pennsylvania was near the old tavern house 
as reserve. Naglee had also three batteries of artillery, 
— Morgan's, Brady's, and Miller's, — besides a squadron 
of cavalry. On Sunday, the 29th, notwithstanding the 
momentous movements going on in preparation for the 
" change of base," General Naglee assembled his troops 
on the banks of the Chickahominy and held a memorial 
service, — " for the purpose of uniting in the last sacred 
duty due by us to the memory of our brave comrades 
who sacrificed their lives at the battle of Seven Pines." 

On this day the booming of cannon to the west gave 
information that "' the battle was on once more." The 
enemy were now closing in on McClellan's now concen- 
trated army, which was fighting on the defensive and con- 
testing every step of his advance. Stonewall Jackson 
was rebuilding the Grapevine bridge destroyed by Porter, 

79 



The Fifty- Second Regiment 

in order to follow over, and Lee, now convinced of Mc- 
Clellan's intention, was crowding him to the wall with 
part of his army and sending some of the flower of his 
forces to intercept the contemplated movement. Ma- 
gruder came down the Williamsburg road and the rail- 
road to capture all the stores accumulated at Savage's 
Station, but was met by Sumner — the old hero — at Allen's 
farm, and again in front of the station, where the Con- 
federates were most signally defeated and driven back, 
the final engagement lasting till after dark, Sunday even- 
ing, June 29th. The troops and trains of McClellan's 
army were already moving across the White Oak Swamp 
towards the James River. Keyes's Fourth Corps, with 
the exception of Naglee's brigade still holding the 
bridges, had already crossed. Porter followed Sunday 
afternoon, Heintzelman in the evening, and the remainder 
of the army followed during the night, so that by Mon- 
day morning, June 30th, all were safely over. Colonel 
Davis, in his account, says : " Meantime Naglee stood on 
the defensive and interposed between a victorious enemy 
and the retiring trains and troops." And again: "It 
was some time after dark, but not until the last wagon and 
the last regiment had passed, that the pickets were called 
in and the brigade put in march for the James River. It 
was now the rear guard of the Army of the Potomac. 

" The road was crowded with wagons, and the march 
necessarily slow. The brigade crossed the White Oak 
Swamp some time after midnight and bivouacked on 
the rising ground a few hundred yards in front of and 
commanding the crossing." . . . Keyes, who was 
the first to cross the swamp, was relieved, early in the 
afternoon of the 29th, by Slocum, of Franklin's corps, 

80 



Pennsylvania Volunteers 

and with his baggage and artillery marched for Turkey 
Bend, near Malvern Hill, where he arrived on the morn- 
ing of the 30th. Naglee's brigade, however, was still 
retained with the rear guard. General McClellan says 
(see article " The Peninsula Campaign," Century Maga- 
zine) : " General Franklin, with Smith's division of his 
own corps, Richardson's of the Second, and Naglee's 
brigade, were charged with the defence of the White 
Oak Swamp crossing. Slocum held the ground thence to 
the Charles City road ; Kearney from that road to the 
Long Bridge road; McCall on his left; Hooker thence 
to the Quaker road; Sedgwick at Nelson's farm in rear of 
McCall and Kearney. The Fifth Corps was at Malvern 
Hill, the Fourth at Turkey Bridge." 



8x 



CHAPTER IX. 

WHITE OAK SWAMP CROSSING. 

" The fighting on this day (June 30)," continues Mc- 
Clellan, " was very severe and extended along the whole 
line. It first broke out between twelve and one, on Gen- 
eral Franklin's command, in the shape of a fierce artillery 
fire which was kept up through the day, and inflicted seri- 
ous losses. The enemy's infantry made several attempts 
to cross near the old bridge and below, but was in every 
case thrown back. Franklin held his position until after 
dark, and during the night fell back to Malvern." 

General McClellan fails to state that the enemy's 
cavalry did cross, and another fact, probably unknown to 
him when he wrote, that General Stonewall Jackson and 
his able lieutenant. General D. H. Hill, both crossed over 
with their cavalry to " get the lay of the land," which 
they succeeded in doing, but did not remain long enough 
to cultivate any of it, as will be shown by the following 
account of the affair given by General Hill himself. He 
says (Century Magazine, vol. 30) : " A high bluff was on 
our side of the little stream called White Oak, and a large 
uncultivated field on the othetr side. In the field could be 
seen a battery of artillery supported by a brigade of in- 
fantry, — artillerists and infantry lying down apparently 
asleep. Under cover of Munford's regiment of cavalry, 
thirty-one pieces of artillery were placed upon the bluff, 
and were ordered to open fire as soon as the cavalry mask 
was removed. The battery fired its loaded guns in reply, 
and then galloped off, followed by its infantry supports, 
and the long lines of infantry further back in the field. 

82 



Pennsylvania Volunteers 

Munford crossed his regiment over the ford, and Jack- 
son and myself went with him to see what had become 
of the enemy. We soon found out. The battery had 
taken up a position behind a point of woods, where it 
was perfectly sheltered from our guns, but could play 
upon the broken bridge and ford, and upon every part 
of the uncultivated field. It opened with grape and 
canister upon us, and zvc retired rapidly. Fast riding in 
the wrong direction is not military, but it is sometimes 
healthy." He adds: " Our cavalry returned by a lower 
ford, and pronounced it perfectly practicable for infan- 
try. But Jackson did not advance. Why was this? 
It was a critical day for both commanders, but especially 
for McClellan. With consummate skill he had crossed 
his vast train of five thousand wagons and his immense 
parks of artillery safely over White Oak Swamp, but he 
was more exposed nozv than at any time in his flank 
march. Three columns of attack were converging upon 
him, and a strong corps was pressing upon his rear. 
Escape seemed impossible for him, but he did escape, 
at the same time inflicting heavy damage upon his 
pursuers." 

It has been a subject of much comment and surprise 
that General Jackson, having with him a large force, — 
his own and D. H. Hill's commands, — with forty or fifty 
pieces of artillery and several regiments of cavalry, should 
halt and hesitate at White Oak Swamp crossing, when 
Lee expected him to strike a heavy blow at this point on 
McClellan's retiring army. Major Dabney, in his life 
of Jackson, thus comments on the inaction, at this time, 
of that officer: "On this occasion it would appear, 
if the vast interests dependent upon General Jackson's 

83 



The Fifty- Second Regiment 

co-operation with the proposed attack upon the centre 
were considered, that he came short of the efficiency in 
action for which he was everywhere else noted." 

General Jackson in his report intimates that his whole 
command, consisting of three divisions and D. H. Hill's 
division of five brigades, were all at White Oak bridge 
on the 30th of June. He says : " It was soon seen that 
the enemy occupied such a position beyond a thick inter- 
vening wood on the right of the road as enabled him to 
command the crossing." 

General Lee says : " Jackson having been unable to 
force the passage of White Oak Swamp, Longstreet and 
A. P. Hill were without the expected support." 

Having given, in the foregoing accounts, extracts from 
reports of some of the commanders on both sides, and 
other sources, a general idea of the most important move- 
ments of the army, especially those with which Naglee's 
brigade (and consequently the Fifty-second Pennsylvania 
as a part thereof) was connected, let us recite more in 
detail the movements of the brigade as told by General 
Naglee himself, in his report, also by extracts from 
Colonel Davis's History of the One Hundred and Fourth 
Pennsylvania and from the diary of Colonel Hoyt, of the 
Fifty-second Pennsylvania. 

Colonel Davis says of this White Oak Swamp affair: 
" As soon as the trains and artillery were over, details 
of men were sent out to destroy the bridge. When morn- 
ing dawned a large force was found to be in the imme- 
diate vicinity, and an immense number of wagons and 
several pontoon trains encumbered the fields and roads. 
The pickets were skirmishing in the swamp across the 
creek that runs through it. A great effort was made 

84 



Pennsylvania Volunteers 

to get the wagons out of the way, and as rapidly as pos- 
sible train after train was pushed into the road and 
started off for James River. At lo o'clock the brigade 
was got under arms and attached to Smith's division. It 
was placed in position by General Naglee, about a half- 
mile from the crossing, and was the last of several lines. 
A portion of the Fifty-second Pennsylvania was deployed 
into the swamp. . . . Everything being in readiness 
for action, the men were allowed to stack arms and with- 
draw to the shade of the neighboring timber. Here 
they kindled fires and cooked dinner. The scene resem- 
bled a great picnic. The enemy pushed after us immedi- 
ately from the Chickahominy, and were close in our rear. 
Our engineers had hardly destroyed the swamp bridge and 
retired, before his skirmishers came up to reconnoitre. 
For several hours the swamp only divided the opposing 
forces. The action began about noon. Without a note 
of warning the enemy suddenly run his artillery forward 
from behind the opposite hills and opened several bat- 
teries on our army while the men were lounging on the 
grass eating their dinner. The shock was so sudden 
that everybody seemed stunned, and for a few moments 
there was a scene of great confusion. Our guns had 
been placed in battei-y early in the day. The gunners 
stood ready, and soon they thundered at the enemy in 
reply. The distance was hardly a mile and they had 
our exact range. Their shells burst constantly over and 
among our troops. The air seemed filled with their 
projectiles. The official reports of the action state that 
the guns on both sides did not number less than a hun- 
dred. . . . Dead and wounded were carried to the 
rear every few moments; the former were buried near- 

85 



The Fifty- Second Regiment 

by, while the latter were taken to a neighboring house 
which had been converted into a hospital. The enemy 
made repeated efforts to cross the swamp while this 
cannonading was going on, but in each case was pre- 
vented. The suddenness of the attack created consider- 
able confusion among the trains, and there was danger of 
a general stampede. An Irish camp-woman belonging 
to a New York regiment made herself quite conspicuous 
during the action. She remained close to the side of her 
husband, and refused to retire to a place of safety. She 
was full of pluck. Occasionally she would notice some 
fellow sneaking to the rear, when she would run after 
him, seize him by the nape of the neck, and place him in 
the ranks again, calling him a ' dirty, cow^ardly spal- 
peen,' and other choice epithets. The flying shells had 
no terrors for her. During the hottest of the cannon- 
ade, this courageous woman walked fearlessly about 
among the troops, encouraging them to stand up to their 
work. Her only weapon, offensive or defensive, was a 
large umbrella she carried under her arm. In one in- 
stance she shamed a commissioned officer into returning 
to his duty. She belonged to the Irish brigade 
(Meagher's), and her stout person, full, red face, and 
broad language betrayed her undoubted origin. 

" About the middle of the afternoon heavy firing was 
heard on the left, where the troops of Sumner and Mc- 
Call were fighting the enemy at Glendale. A brigade was 
sent off to re-enforce those troops. Naglee became so 
much interested in the progress of events in that quarter 
towards evening, that he rode in that direction to en- 
deavor to obtain information. In a short time he re- 
turned at a gallop, shouting as he came, ' All's right; 

86 



Pennsylvania Volunteers 

we've repulsed them: The cannonade ceased soon after 
dark, with the exception of two of our guns which con- 
tinued to fire at intervals of ten or fifteen minutes until 
after midnight. Franklin gradually and silently with- 
drew his troops in the early part of the evening, leaving 
only Naglee's brigade and the two field-pieces to watch 
the crossing of the swamp. Again his little command 
became the rear guard and interposed between our retir- 
ing columns and the pursuing enemy. He ( Naglee ) was 
ordered to follow at lo o'clock. At that hour he took 
up the line of march, with his whole brigade, as he sup- 
posed, but he took with him only part of it, viz., the 
Eleventh Maine, Fifty-second Pennsylvania, and a por- 
tion of the One Hundredth New York, leaving the Fifty- 
sixth New York, remainder of the One Hundredth New 
York, and the One Hundred and Fourth Pennsylvania on 
the field. He gave the command at the head of the 
column in a low tone of voice, and the order was not re- 
peated throughout the line. Some who saw him move 
off were not aware that it was a general movement, but 
supposed him to be taking part of the brigade into the 
swamp to put it on picket. His assistant adjutant-general 
(Captain Johnston), who did not notice the movement, 
was left behind. . . . Colonel Van Wyck was now 
the senior officer present, and should have assumed com- 
mand, but declined to do so. Captain Johnston, the 
assistant adjutant-general, was then appealed to to con- 
duct the remainder of the brigade off the field and follow 
the march of the army, but he declined to move without 
an order from the general, who was not present to give 
it. . . . Those who were with the rear guard at 
White Oak Swamp crossing will long remember it. The 

87 



The Fifty- Second Regiment 

situation was extremely critical for that portion of 
Naglee's brigade left behind. There was not a sentinel 
between the two armies to announce the approach of the 
enemy. Our two guns threw an occasional shell to give 
notice that we still occupied the ground. He was already 
busy at work rebuilding the bridge to cross over. The 
distant sound of the drum of his infantry and the rattle 
of his gun-carriages could be heard as the enemy came up 
on the opposite side of the swamp. He appeared to be 
massing his forces for a desperate assault at daylight, 
under the supposition that our anny would again dispute 
his advance at that point. ... It was now 2 o'clock 
on the morning of the ist of July. [Note. — The day of 
the battle of Malvern Hill.] Colonel Van Wyck finally 
assumed command and the march was commenced." 

Having no guide that knew the roads, they turned 
to the right at the first cross-roads and were marching 
towards Glendale when they met the rear guard from that 
battle-field coming in. The column was then counter- 
marched and followed this other rear guard down the 
Charles City road, — thus becoming the rear guard of the 
rear guard, — the last, except the stragglers, to leave the 
field. 

" Several of the officers and men were really too sick 
to march, and all their physical strength was taxed to 
keep up with the command. But the law of necessity 
compelled them to it, for to fall behind was to ensure 
almost certain capture. Consequently there was no 
straggling among Naglee's men. The command reached 
the field of jMalvern early in the forenoon, where they 
stacked anus and lay down to rest, as they had marched 
fifteen miles since leaving White Oak Swamp. The 



Pennsylvania Volunteers 

enemy was not far behind, for within an hour the fire of 
his advance could be heard as he drove in our pickets." 

Colonel Henry M. Hoyt, of the Fifty-second Pennsyl- 
vania, gives a vivid description of this White Oak Swamp 
action in his " journal," which was included in the ad- 
dress made by his son Henry M. Hoyt (lately deceased) 
to the " Survivors' Association " at Tunkhannock a few 
years ago. " At twelve o'clock precisely," he says, " a 
moment long to be remembered, the very gates of hell are 
opened on us. The plans of the rebels now come to a 
head, and their long morning of quiet is ended. Twenty- 
five guns open at once upon us, sweeping the field with 
shot, shell, railroad iron, and every conceivable imple- 
ment. In forty seconds our batteries are blown to pieces, 
the horses are tearing through the field, loose leaves are 
whirling all about, and regiments break into ruin. Thank 
God, Naglee's brigade stands firm and withstands the 
panic. Regiments and brigades are arrested by it, and 
a few moments save the Grand Army. ^^' hat a moment ! 
So it lasts all afternoon. Balls fall all around us, 
ricochetting over us. We actually dodge them as we 
Vv'ould at play. Richardson, Franklin, Smith, Naglee, 
Meagher, all are here and in the thick of it. In an hour 
the rebels cease somewhat. We wheel down four guns 
of Hazzard's battery, and the fearful work again begins. 
For two hours this wonderful duel goes on. The Fifty- 
second is exactly behind their own battery and catch all 
that is meant for them. Then we silence the enemy. In 
the meantime efforts are made by them to crush our in- 
fantry, and our lines are moved to and fro in haste. 
Away two miles to our left they are making another 
effort to finish the army ; that, too, is gallantly repulsed. 

89 



The Fifty- Second Regiment 

Our pontoon train has now been burning since noon, and 
to-night it is lurid. Our guns still bellow across the 
swamp. Now come our preparations to retire to James 
River, How we marched the batteries and cavalry and 
infantry down past the blazing train; how we counter- 
marched in the shade; how orders were issued in bated 
breath ; how we waited for the wearied veterans of Mc- 
Call to get in from the left; how we finally moved, and 
our drag, drag, drag without water all the long night 
for fourteen miles, and how only after broad daylight 
did we reach the plain on the river, — all this is burned 
into us. Our thoughts were, — is the army safe? Can 
it be saved with the slaughter of the rear guard? We 
brought up the rear on the inner road ; on this plain we 
found the great iuipcdimcnta belli, our baggage train, 
miles and miles long. How was it ever saved, — and sup- 
pose it had rained before it reached White Oak Swamp?" 
General Naglee in his report, and Colonel Davis in his 
account, assume that as " rear guard " Naglee's brigade 
was the last command to leave the field and go through 
the swamp. By accident or oversight a battery of artil- 
lery of Richardson's division had been left behind, which 
came through early in the morning just before the bridge 
was destroyed. General Franklin relates the incident 
as follows : " After the fight at Savage's Station was over, 
Hazzard's battery of Richardson's division was un- 
hitched, its captain not supposing there was to be any 
further movement that night, and the men and horses 
went to sleep, as usual when there was opportunity, 
which was not often in those days. The division moved 
off, and by accident no notice of the movement was sent 
to Captain Hazzard. On the next morning he heard 

90 



Pennsylvania Volunteers 

reveille sounded by drums and trumpets from positions 
that he knew our troops did not hold the evening before. 
Everything in his vicinity was quiet. He took in the 
situation at once. He had been left behind, and the 
enemy might be upon him at any moment. He had the 
battery quietly hitched up, sent the caissons off in ad- 
vance, and bringing up the rear with two guns ready to 
open on a pursuing force, started off at a walk. When 
he was clear of the field he ordered the battery to trot ; 
and without harm arrived at the White Oak bridge at 
that pace just as General Richardson was destroying it. 
He crossed in safety. The pluck and coolness shown in 
this exploit of Captain Hazzard were admirable. He 
was killed the next day while doing excellent work with 
his batter)^" 



91 



CHAPTER X. 

NAGLEe's account of the " CHANGE OF BASE. " 

Having given the accounts as recited by Colonel Davis 
and Colonel Hoyt, it seems proper to include a statement 
of " rear guard " duty as recited by General Naglee 
himself, and, taking the three accounts together, we have 
a pretty clear idea of the part taken by the Fifty-second 
Pennsylvania in McClellan's masterly " change of base " 
to the James River. 

" On the 27th," says General Naglee in his report, 
" orders were received from General McClellan by Gen- 
eral Keyes, directing that the railroad and Bottoms 
Bridges over the Chickahominy should be held at all 
hazards, and if pressed the bridges should be destroyed. 
This important sei-vice was entrusted to my brigade. 
Upon the first intimation of the approach of the enemy 
in this direction, I had lined the Chickahominy between 
the bridges, and a mile above and below them, with the 
sharp-shooters of the Fifty-second Pennsylvania and 
Eleventh Maine, and had placed the especial charge of 
the railroad bridge with Colonel Plaisted and the re- 
mainder of his Eleventh Maine Regiment. The re- 
mainder of the Fifty-second Pennsylvania, Lieutenant- 
Colonel Hoyt, the Fifty-sixth New York, Colonel Van 
Wyck, and One Hundredth New York, Lieutenant- 
Colonel Stanton, were distributed in the redoubts and 
rifle-pits, and on picket duty. . . . During the 26th 
the only evidence of the approach of the enemy was the 
constant roar of the artillery borne upon the breeze from 
the desperate conflict at Mechanicsville ; on the 27th small 

92 



Pennsylvania Volunteers 

1 econnoitring parties approached the Chickahominy, but 
they soon learned to respect the presence of the Fifty- 
second Pennsylvania and Eleventh Maine, that were con- 
cealed in that swamp, zuaist deep in water. . . . 

" On the 28th, the day after the battle of Gaines's 
Mills, there were indications of activity in our immediate 
neighborhood. From early morning, cavalry watched 
our industrious efforts to complete our earthworks. In- 
fantiy pressed into the woods and skirmished with our 
picket line, but too close an approach to my sharp- 
shooters, concealed in the swamp, soon led to great 
caution. About noon a large force reported as two bri- 
gades moved down to the railroad. A battery of artil- 
lery, with cavalry, supported by two regiments of infan- 
try, crossed the railroad, and under cover of the wood, 
took a position upon the high ground facing the Chicka- 
hominy and about one thousand yards from the bridges. 
Making every preparation, I awaited their attack and 
ordered Miller's battery to respond slowly but skilfully 
until he learned the range. I directed Morgan and Brady 
to test the range in the same manner, and with about an 
hour's practice we were fully prepared. Half an hour 
afterwards I observed changes of position, as if in prep- 
aration for an attack, and ordered the three batteries 
to increase their fire, and to concentrate it upon the troops 
that were moving. This had the desired effect, and they 
were compelled to withdraw into the woods. I then 
concentrated the fire upon the battery, which, by 4 o'clock, 
was so effectually silenced that it responded but seldom 
during the remainder of the afternoon. 

" On the 29th large bodies of the enemy were con- 
stantly hovering around in force, but he did not renew 

93 



The Fifty-Second Regiment 

the attack, being fully occupied in the terrific struggle 
that continued through this day at Savage Station. At 
7 P.M. the destruction of the railroad was made complete 
by running into the gap the locomotive and long train of 
cars filled with immense quantities of ammunition, which 
exploded with such terrific power that it shook the earth, 
and the white smoke ascended in a column so grand, so 
magnificent, that all stood spellbound, and impressed to 
that extent that it cannot be forgotten. At lo p.m., 
the army and its trains having passed bythe road less than 
two miles in rear of these bridges, the necessity of hold- 
ing this position no longer existed, and I received instruc- 
tions from General McClellan to follow with the rear 
guard and cross the White Oak Swamp bridge. It was 
nearly daylight on the morning of the 30th of June when 
the brigade bivouacked on the rising ground near to and 
commanding the White Oak Swamp bridge. 

" At 10 A.M. Naglee's brigade was ordered by General 
McClellan to report immediately for duty to Brigadier- 
General W. F. Smith, and by 11 o'clock it was in line of 
battle, perpendicular to and the right resting on the 
main road leading from the White Oak Swamp bridge, 
with the left on the swamp, about three-fourths of a mile 
from the bridge, a portion of the Fifty-second being de- 
ployed in the swamp extending from the brigade to the 
bridge. All the space between the swamp and the line occu- 
pied by my brigade was covered with troops, infantry and 
artillery, belonging to the divisions of Smith and Rich- 
ardson, under command of General Franklin, who was 
ordered to hold the position and prevent the passage of 
the bridge, that the army might continue the retreat from 
the peninsula. . . . Frequent efforts were made by 

94 



Pennsylvania Volunteers 

the enemy to cross the bridge and swamp, but he was as 
frequently repulsed. . . . At lo o'clock p.m. I was 
ordered to follow General Smith's division and made 
immediate preparations to retreat as soon as the divi- 
sion should file off. The brigade arrived on the follow- 
ing morning at Haxall's, on the James River,* at 6 
o'clock A.M., on the ist of July, after a march of 17 miles. 
. . . Thus for seven days were the men of my brigade 
constantly on duty. On the 26th, 2'/th, 28th, and 2gth of 
June the safety of the army depended upon our holding the 
railroad and Bottoms bridges, and on the 30th on holding 
the bridge at White Oak Swamp. Many, day and night 
for four days, stood to their middle in the water of the 
Chickahojniny Szvamp, and, all impressed zuith the re- 
sponsible duty required of them, served their country in 
this hour of trial, enduring the most excessive labor, fa- 
tigue, and exhaustion, ivith extraordinary endurance and 
cheerfulness; and zvell may they and their friends, in all 
the future, refer to these gallant deeds and trials, zi'ith the 
conscious pride that they are deserving the thanks and 
remembrance of their country." 

* General Naglee does not mention the fact that part of his 
brigade was left at White Oak Swamp bridge until 2 o'clock the 
next morning, — an incident related in Colonel Davis's account, 
which has already been given. 



95 



CHAPTER XI. 

MALVERN HILL. 

Only a portion of Keyes's corps — Couch's division — 
was actually engaged in the battle of Malvern Hill. 
Naglee's brigade, which had been on duty as rear guard 
on the Chickahominy and at White Oak crossing, formed 
part of the reserve during the ist of July fighting. The 
numerous batteries of artillery posted on the sloping hill- 
side encircling the centre of our position did most of the 
sad havoc wrought among the ranks of the enemy, which 
again and again during the day, and until late in the 
evening, charged up the slopes in vain attempts to cap- 
ture them. All these efforts of the enemy were repulsed 
with terrible slaughter, — shot and shell, and grape and 
canister, decimating his ranks, — until the repeated fail- 
ures convinced him of the hopelessness of the struggle; 
which was not given up, however, until darkness fell 
upon the fateful field. The shattered hosts of the Con- 
federates were greatly demoralized after the close of the 
engagement. The condition of things on their side is set 
forth by Trimble's (Confederate) account embodied 
in Lee's report. He says : " The next morning by dawn 
I went off to ask for orders, when I found the whole 
(Confederate) army in the utmost disorder. Thousands 
of straggling men were asking every passer-by for their 
regiments ; ambulances, wagons, and artillery were ob- 
structing every road, and altogether, in a drenching rain, 
presenting a scene of the most woeful and heart-rending 
confusion." 

96 



Pennsylvania Volunteers 

Notwithstanding these conditions on the enemy's side, 
the order was given by McClellan to retreat to the river at 
Harrison's Landing, and when in the gray dawn the 
Confederates looked up to Malvern Hill, they saw no 
trace of the grim batteries and serried lines against which 
they had dashed themselves in pieces. " In the darkness 
and storm," says one writer (William Cullen Bryant's 
History of the United States), " through mud and mire, 
McClellan had fled from the field of a great victory, as 
though it had been one of a crushing defeat." General 
Hooker says of this flight : " We were ordered to re- 
treat, and it was like the retreat of a routed army. We 
retreated like a parcel of sheep. Every one was on the 
road at the same time, and a few shots from the rebels 
would have panic-stricken the whole command." Keyes 
was again placed in command of the rear guard, and 
received from McClellan instructions as follows : " Bring 
along all the wagons you can; but they are to be sacri- 
ficed, of course, rather than imperil your safety. Celer- 
ity of movement is the sole security of this position." 
The two brigades detailed by Keyes for this duty were 
Naglee's and Wessells's. After marching about three 
miles below Haxall's, these brigades were formed in line 
of battle, supported by artillery, where they remained 
until the disordered army had poured past them in a liv- 
ing stream towards the river. 

The last of the Seven Days' Battles had been fought 
and won. The victorious army had ignominiously fled 
from Malvern Hill, leaving a defeated and disorganized 
mass of the enemy in possession of an impregnable posi- 
tion, vacated unnecessarily by a weak-kneed, if not a 
weak-hearted, commander, who was ever ready to over- 
7 97 



The Fifty- Second Regiment 

estimate the numbers and condition of his opponents' 
forces and underestimate his own. The Army of the 
Potomac was safely encamped at Harrison's Landing 
under protection of the gunboats, and there it was des- 
tined for the next month and a half to remain. Its 
commander here had time for reflection, and upon July 
7th he wrote a long letter to President Lincoln, not ex- 
plaining, as he might have been expected to do, the failure 
of his campaign, but, instead, giving the President his 
views at length of how to run the government, laying 
down a " policy " which he condescendingly urges upon 
the chief executive of the nation in the following words : 
" A system of policy thus constitutional and conserva- 
tive, and pervaded by the influences of Christianity and 
freedom, would receive the support of almost all truly 
loyal men, would deeply impress the rebel masses and all 
foreign nations, and it might be humbly hoped that it 
would commend itself to the favor of the Almighty." 

The long-suffering patient Lincoln never noticed this 
insolent letter, — not even enough to answer it. But he 
went down to Harrison's Landing to see the army and, 
among other things, to find out how many there were 
left of it, McClellan having reported " only 50,000 with 
their colors." He had the division commanders make up 
returns of the " present for duty," and, footing it up, 
found the total to be 86,500. A few days later McClel- 
lan made a report showing 88,665 present for duty, with 
34,472 absent with authority, making a total of 123,137. 
It was the contradiction of the general's oft-repeated 
statements as to the numbers of his command, and of his 
constant complaints of disparity in forces compared with 
that of the enemy. General Halleck, who had lately been 

98 



Pennsylvania Volunteers 

made commander-in-chief, also came down from Wash- 
ington to take a look at the Army of the Potomac on the 
James. He found the " boys " busy patching up their 
well-worn uniforms, playing cards when off duty, bathing 
in the river, basking in the sun when not too hot, and 
sleeping in the shade whenever they had an opportunity. 
There was much sickness among the troops, large num- 
bers of the " absent " being either in hospitals or on sick 
leave. It was a time for rest, recuperation, reflection, 
and recrimination. There was much of the latter which 
was not confined to the men in the ranks or the line offi- 
cers, but even division and corps commanders had their 
" views," to which they sometimes gave pretty free ex- 
pression. There were many of them feeling sore on 
account of the failure of plans, many disappointed in 
their ambitions for higher commands, many jealous of 
those who did receive promotion. Altogether the army 
at this time was '* in a bad way." The boys knew, or 
felt, that something was wrong, but not being permitted 
to know all the inside history of current events, they 
simply hoped for the best, and were willing yet to do 
their best to save the country. Their loyal hearts were 
yet strong in the faith that the cause for which they 
had sacrificed so m.uch, and for which they were willing 
to sacrifice still more, would finally be gained. They 
still sang, " Then conquer we must, when our cause it is 
just, and this be our motto, ' In God is our trust.' " 
Then they sat down and had another game, and went 
on guard whistling, " 'Way Down South in Dixie. " 
Thus passed away the long, hot, and melancholy days of 
July, 1862. 



99 



CHAPTER XII. 

lee's designs on WASHINGTON. 

But the enemy was not idling away all his time. 
General Lee laid plans for an advance on Washington as 
soon as he became satisfied that the army under Mc- 
Clellan did not intend to move again on Richmond. The 
Confederate General Longstreet, in his account of " Our 
March against Pope," says : " At that time General Lee 
was feeling very certain that Richmond was in no imme- 
diate danger from an advance by McClellan's forces. 
He, therefore, began at once preparations for a vigorous 
campaign against Pope." As early as July 19th, Stone- 
wall Jackson's corps was at Gordonsville in the advance, 
and Stuart's cavalry hovering around towards Freder- 
icksburg. 

The Administration became very anxious over the 
situation, and before the end of the month efforts were 
made to have McClellan retire from the James River and 
bring his army back in front of Washington, to act in 
conjunction with Pope. The united efforts of the Presi- 
dent and General Halleck, favored by the opinions of a 
number of McClellan's corps commanders, failed to move 
him. He continued to ask for re-enforcements, and to 
ignore the desires of the President and General Halleck, 
until forbearance ceased to be a virtue. On July 30th 
he was ordered to send away his sick, to which he paid 
no attention. On that day he said, in one of his dis- 
patches to Washington, " Should it be determined to 
withdraw it [his army] I shall look upon our cause as 
lost, and the demoralization of the armv as certain." 



Pennsylvania Volunteers 

The order to send away his sick was not promptly 
obeyed because General McClellan insisted upon knowing 
the intentions of the Government in regard to his army ; 
and, after being informed that it was to be withdrawn 
from the James, several days more were wasted in weari- 
some interchange of dispatches between himself and 
Halleck, McClellan protesting with the greatest energy 
and feeling against this movement, and Halleck replying 
with perfect logic and temper in defence of it. Weary 
at last of arguments, Halleck became more and more 
peremptory in his orders; and, this failing to infuse any 
activity into the movements of McClellan, he had re- 
course to sharp dispatches of censure, which provoked 
only excuses and recriminations. In some of his re- 
plies to Halleck's urgent dispatches, enjoining the greatest 
haste and representing" the grave aspect of affairs in 
northern Virginia, McClellan replied in terms that indi- 
cated as little respect for Halleck as he had shown for the 
President and the Secretary of War. On the 6th of 
August, in answer to an order insisting on the immediate 
dispatch of a battery of artillery to Burnside, he calmly 
replies, " I will obey the order as soon as circumstances 
permit. My artillery is none too numerous now." On 
August 1 2th, little or no progress having yet been made, 
he says : " There shall be no unnecessary delay, but I can- 
not manufacture vessels. It is not possible for anyone 
to place this army where you wish it, ready to move, in 
less than a month. If Washington is in danger now, 
this army could scarcely arrive in time to save it. It is 
in much better position to do so from here than from 
Aquia." At the same time the quartermaster-general re- 
ported that " nearly every available steam vessel in the 

lOI 



The Fifty-Second Regiment 

country was then under the control of General Mc- 
Clellan." 

The order for the army to move was issued on August 
nth, but countermanded until the 14th. The corps of 
Porter and Heintzelman marched on the 14th and Keyes 
on the 15th. The wagons were sent off the afternoon 
before. Just before leaving Harrison's Landing an order 
was received to dispense with regimental bands, and 
those of our brigade were here mustered out of service, — 
the date of muster out of the Fifty-second band being 
August 1 6th. Some dummy sentinels were dressed up 
and placed at points around the intrenched camp to give 
the impression of occupancy to the inquisitive videttes of 
the enemy. Naglee's brigade took up its line of march 
very early on the morning of the 15th, and bivouacked 
the first night near Charles City C. H. in a corn-field. The 
ears were fit for roasting, and the crop was pretty well 
taken care of before the march was resumed. The 
Chickahominy was crossed, on a pontoon bridge twenty- 
two hundred feet long at Barrett's ferry, about noon of 
the 1 6th, and on the 17th the brigade lay within four 
miles of Williamsburg; the next night six miles east of 
that place, where it lay until the 19th, meantime being 
mustered for inspection, under orders from the War 
Department. On the 20th the march was resumed, pass- 
ing through Yorktown about noon, and camping three 
miles below the town, at Wormley's Creek. The army 
debarked at three different places, — Yorktown, Newport 
News, and Fort Monroe. By the 23d all had been 
shipped on transports except the Second Corps and Peck's 
(formerly Casey's) division of Keyes's corps. Sumner's 
(Second) corps followed in a few days, leaving Peck's 

102 



Pennsylvania Volunteers 

division on the peninsula. It was said that a raid by the 
enemy on our outposts at Williamsburg caused the de- 
tention of the division. Two brigades were sent to Suf- 
folk, Va., and Naglee's old brigade, now under command 
of General Emory, a cavalry officer, remained at York- 
town. Colonel Davis with the One Hundred and Fourth 
Pennsylvania and the Ninety-eighth New York, soon 
after replaced by the One Hundredth New York, were 
sent across the York River to occupy the works at 
Gloucester Point, while the other regiments occupied 
the intrenchments environing Yorktown, mounting more 
than one hundred heavy guns. Here, in addition to in- 
fantry duty, the men were instructed as heavy artillerists. 
In the siege of Charleston, in which the Fifty-second 
Pennsylvania was afterwards engaged, this training was 
of great value. The head-quarters of General Keyes 
was established at Yorktown for a short time only, when 
the old Fourth Corps, Army of the Potomac, was discon- 
tinued.* Couch's division had gone back with McClel- 
lan and Peck had established his head-quarters at Suffolk, 
Va., leaving our brigade as part of the forces under 
General John A. Dix, commander at Fortress Monroe. 

* There was a Fourth Army Corps afterwards in the West, which 
took part in the battle of Franklin, Tenn. 



103 



CHAPTER XIII. 

DUTY AT YORKTOWN. 

At Yorktown there still remained outlines of some 
of the earthworks erected by Cornwallis when he was 
" bottled up " there by Washington, and forced to sur- 
render with his British army on October 19, 1781, after 
a siege lasting nearly two months, — the closing scene of 
the Revolution. Here drilling, guard duty, and training 
on the heavy artillery guns (so lavishly and uselessly pro- 
vided and placed there to satisfy the pick-and-shovel 
proclivities of McClellan) occupied the time and atten- 
tion of the soldiers for several months. Fine fresh oys- 
ters and fish were obtainable from fishermen's boats that 
came to the landing, and it was no impossible undertaking 
to bring through the guard lines, from " somewhere," an 
occasional canteen of whiskey, — for medicinal purposes. 

On the 28th of September, General Naglee returned 
and resumed command of the brigade. His return was 
heartily welcomed by the boys, but his incessant activity 
soon caused complaint among the officers and men, now 
somewhat impressed with the idea of '' taking things 
easy " until such time as hard work was needed. He dis- 
covered near Gloucester Point, on the opposite side of the 
river from Yorktown, a wide level plain on which a 
brigade could be drilled and manoeuvred very easily. So 
on Sundays he would take the Yorktown regiments 
across to Gloucester, combine them with Colonel Davis's 
two regiments there, and drill them for hours in the hot 
sun, putting them through all the evolutions he could 
think of, — and he could think of a lot. Colonel Davis, 

104 



Pennsylvania Volunteers 

who considered himself the commander of the post at 
Gloucester, did not like this encroachment upon his do- 
main, and in his book says : " There was no necessity for 
such military display in the absence of active operations." 
But there were active operations and " something doing" 
always when Naglee was in the saddle. In the latter 
part of November a raid was made up into Mathews 
County, Va., the force being a detail of about three 
hundred men of the Fifty-second Pennsylvania and 
Eleventh Maine under the command of Major John B. 
Conyngham. They went up the east river at night on a 
tug, landing about two miles from the Mathews Court 
House. Forty sailors with a boat howitzer, under Mas- 
ter Blake of the navy, accompanied the expedition. They 
marched ten or a dozen miles, destroying thirty or forty 
salt kettles and about three thousand bushels of salt. 

In the latter part of November General John A. Dix 
came up from Fort Monroe and reviewed the troops on 
the Gloucester plain. He was a fine-looking old gentle- 
man. He did not give instructions that " The first man 
who hauls down the American flag, shoot him on the 
spot!" 

Early in December General Naglee, conceiving the idea 
that his brigade drills, regimental drills, guard duty, and 
three hours a day heavy artillery training did not give the 
soldiers all the exercise they could stand, evolved a plan 
to put more activity into their daily walks of life, and at 
the same time stir up the inhabitants of Gloucester and 
adjoining counties by paying them a week-end visit. To 
that end he marshalled a brigade of four regiments,— the 
Fifty-second Pennsylvania being one, — Mink's battery of 
artillery, and two squadrons of cavalry, which formidable 

105 



The Fifty-Second Regiment 

force, at 6 o'clock a.m., December nth, debouched upon 
the plains of Gloucester County and went marching along 
until along in the afternoon it went into bivouac near 
Gloucester C. H. Here Naglee joined his command, 
which had been augmented — perhaps re-enforced would 
be a better military term to use — by 90 men of the 
Sixth New York Cavalry and one company of the " Lost 
Babies," sent around on a tug by way of Mathews C. H. 
and overland to join the main army. When a junction 
had been effected and the forces concentrated, they were 
immediately dispersed by detachments, horse, foot, and 
dragoons being sent out in all directions to beat up the 
brush, drive away the rebel cavalry, intercept contraband 
trade, capture or destroy material and supplies intended 
for the rebel army, and to " raise cain " generally, — 
which they generally did. One detachment went to Buena 
Vista (not in Mexico), where they drove away some rebel 
rangers, burning their barracks and destroying their 
accumulation of supplies and forage. The Fourteenth 
Pennsylvania Cavalry squadron was sent into Middlesex 
County, where it destroyed a large tannery, two thousand 
hides, and brought away several wagon-loads of leather. 
Many of Stonewall Jackson's overmarched johnnies 
afterward went barefoot on account of this raid. The 
return to Yorktown on the 22d was like to the return 
of a Roman general after a victorious campaign against 
the Goths and Huns. The plunder in the shape of horses, 
cattle, sheep, hogs, corn, etc., came in " on the hoof," in 
carts and wagons, and on the backs of foragers. Twenty 
prisoners were also brought in, but, to the credit of those 
engaged, it can be said they were not tied to the cart- 
wheels of the victors. This was the parting shot at the 

106 



Pennsylvania Volunteers 

Old Dominion, for shortly thereafter orders were issued 
for the preparation of ten days' cooked rations, and for 
an expedition by vessel down the Atlantic coast, under 
sealed orders, not to be opened until twenty miles south 
of Cape Henry. 



107 



CHAPTER XIV. 

A DIARY OF THE TRIP TO THE SOUTH. 

These preparations marked the beginning of two and 
a half years' service of the Fifty-second Pennsylvania in 
North Carolina and South Carolina. The story of leav- 
ing Yorktown, and of the trip south, is told in the fol- 
lowing extracts from the diary of one of the Fifty-second 
boys, which recalls the memory of some of the experi- 
ences and dangers encountered in this " going down to the 
sea in ships," and is introduced here to give an idea 
of the daily life of a soldier on a military transport in 
those (stomach-) stirring times. 

Yorktown, Va., Sunday, Dec. 28, 1862. — We waited, 
with considerable impatience, all day for transportation, 
as we had packed everything up and were living on our 
three days' cooked rations provided for our journey, and 
this we didn't relish very well (that is, the idea, not the 
rations), not knowing how we would fare on the trans- 
ports. Some of our boys, wishing to take a little nip of 
New Year's while it was yet to be had, slung canteens and 
sallied out quietly to find it. 

Monday, Dec. 2pth. — The old steamboat " Georgia " 
came up to-day, and we marched on board, bid an affec- 
tionate adieu to Yorktown, and started down the river. 
On the way down met a tug-boat coming up with Major 
Conyngham on board. The tug pulled up alongside and 
the major came on deck with us. Next we met the mail- 
boat " Thomas Morgan," which also came alongside, to 
let on board some of our officers wJio had been down to 
Fort Monroe, with their wives and friends who were 
returning to their homes after a visit in our camp. On 
arriving off the Fort the colonel went on shore and pro- 

108 



Pennsylvania Volunteers 

tested against going to sea in such an old unseaworthy 
boat. The captain of the " Georgia," it is said, also 
refused to run her out. They telegraphed to Baltimore 
for another boat. 

Tuesday, Dec. soth. — At night it came and we were 
soon on board. She is named the " Expounder," for- 
merly the " Daniel Webster," but refitted and renamed. 
This boat was built at Portland, Me., in 1848, and had 
run between that port and Bangor. She is between seven 
and eight hundred tons burden, has two engines, two 
stacks, two masts, — a side-wheeler. 

Wednesday, Dec. 31st. — Having everything on board, 
we pulled out to sea, but found it very rough. A strong 
northeast gale was blowing, and the captain, fearing 
trouble, concluded to turn back and find safety in Hamp- 
ton Roads. The boat being loaded quite heavily on the 
top deck with horses, mules, forage, and provisions, it 
was considered top-heavy and a dangerous undertaking 
to turn against the wind where the waves should take 
her on the broadside. It was, however, safely accom- 
plished by running out three or four miles, the only acci- 
dent being the loss of a mule which was thrown overboard 
from the top deck by a sudden lurch of the boat in mak- 
ing the turn. He was just ass enough to swim away 
from shore, and was soon lost to view among the huge 
billows of the Atlantic. In the evening we were again 
safely anchored in the Roads. Some of our boys were 
already heartily sick of voyaging and would willingly 
have taken the trip south cross lots and afoot, on empty 
stomachs, the contents having been dumped overboard. 
For myself, can say I didn't have the least trouble from 
sea sickness. 

Thursday, Jan. i, 1863. — Woke to the light of a New 
Year's morning, and of course wished ourselves many 
" Happy New Year " greetings as we came crawling 
up out of the hold. The captain received orders to go 
on, which he determined to do if it took every plank out 
of the old boat. So out we steamed, passed the gunboat 

109 



The Fifty-Second Regiment 

" Naugatuck," the Ripraps, then the Hght-ship, Cape 
Henry, and we were out on the bounding deep. It was 
a good thing we had no turkey dinner, for very few 
would have more than the satisfaction of putting it down 
before " casting it upon the waters " as food for the 
fishes. Our New Year's was not a Hvely one ; we walked 
the deck, — some sang, but most of the boys had long 
faces. In the evening the wind rose and ditto the waves, 
so that the boat rolled, pitched, and tumbled. The mules 
and horses on deck just over our heads stumbled and 
jumped from side to side, which with the constant creak- 
ing of timbers and the pitching of the boat made sleep 
almost impossible. I made up my mind all was right, 
so rolled in and went to sleep. So passed the New Year's 
day of 1863; who knows what may transpire ere we see 
another ? 

Friday, Jan. 2d. — This morning the sun rose glor- 
iously over the waters ; the cold clouds were scattered 
right and left, and his bright rays shot out on the waves, 
which glimmering with the ruddy glow looked like waves 
of gold. Our boat was lighted on by his genial rays, and 
as they struck the masts and spars and deck, and pierced 
into the gloomy hold through the hatches, the boys came 
crawling out like foxes from their holes, all making for 
the sunny side of the boat, crouching behind bales of 
hay, or beside the pilot-house and stacks, to avoid the cold 
wind which blew strong from the north. It was nearly 
noon when we steamed into Beaufort Harbor, N. C, 
passing Fort Macon on our left, a low grass-covered cir- 
cular work bristling with guns and almost surrounded 
by water. Beaufort on the north looked very pleasant, 
backed by a long line of green pines. A short time after 
passing the fort a young fair-haired and beardless naval 
officer came alongside in a boat and was received on deck 
by Colonel Dodge. He gave out the news that the 
" Monitor " — the cheese-box on a raft that licked the 
" Merrimac " — sunk Wednesday night off Cape Hatteras 
in the storm we escaped. 



Pennsylvania Volunteers 

We passed a couple of gunboats, a revenue cutter, one 
of the new monitors which came through in the storm 
all right, and brought up alongside the wharf at Moore- 
head City. We landed, formed in line, then marched 
about three miles out to Carolina City, — a place of a few 
scattering houses, — where we are still in camp this 7th 
day of January. Day before yesterday a native came 
here to get some of our men to guard his property, com- 
plaining that our pickets near his place have too familiar 
ways of appropriating from his premises anything they 
desired without asking permission or even thanking him. 
He rode a tough-looking little sorrel animal, and while 
talking twisted his mustache and switched his riding 
whip in true southern style. The colonel gave him a 
detail of a corporal and three men. Of course Keator 
and Cosier — the inseparable — were two of the party, be- 
ing always alive to such chances of ruminating. Having 
heard that the guards were to take no rations, they smelt 
warm meals at the gentleman's own table, and therefore 
were not backward in coming forward in the inglorious 
cause. It seems from Free's story, who was here this 
morning on the sorrel, that they smelt all right, having 
roasted duck, hot biscuit, etc., and a general good time. 

Thursday, Jan. 8th. — Keator was in this morning for 
cofifee and sugar, which goes to show that there are some 
things lacking at their table. 

Monday, Jan. igth. — Received orders to pack up and 
go on board the boat, which we obeyed without reluc- 
tance, as we were fully satisfied with our visit to Carolina 
City. At dusk we were all safely on board the " Ex- 
pounder " again, bag and baggage, in company with three 
companies of the Eighty-first New York. 

Monday, Jan. 26th. — V/hen we came on board it was 
with the expectation of nearly all that we would leave 
immediately, but after lying in the harbor for a whole 
week we have come to the conclusion that large bodies 
move slowly. 

Thursday, Jan. 2gth. — The fleet is under orders and 

III 



The Fifty-Second Regiment 

we are to follow the flag-ship. In getting into line the 
steamer " New England " ran across in our wake so near 
as to smash the pilot-boat attached to our stern by a 
tow line. This made it necessary for us to run back 
and let off the pilot, which we did, and then regained our 
position next the flag-ship, which we retained during the 
rest of the day and night. 

Friday, Jan. soth. — Everything went well to-day, mak- 
ing over 12 knots an hour. The *' New England" (a 
side-wheeler somewhat larger than ours) and two pro- 
pellers are the only ones now in sight except the 
" Cahawba." 

Saturday, Jan. 31st. — This morning while lying to, 
waiting for daylight to run into Port Royal, we heard 
some firing in the distance, which we now learn was at 
Charleston, where some rebel rams attempted to break up 
the blockade. It is rumored that two of our blockading 
squadron were captured, and that the " Keystone State '' 
of our fleet, was hit through the boiler, scalding a number 
of men by steam. It is also reported that our blockading 
fleet has captured an Anglo-reb. ship with a valuable 
cargo of iron plating and engines for the manufacture of 
more rebel rams. 

Sunday, Feb. ist. — The transport with '' Les Enfans 
Perdus," or, as we call them, the " Lost Babies," came 
into port this morning. 

Thursday, Feb. 3th. — Rim back to Hilton Head to-day, 
having run out yesterday to avoid danger from the 
storm and gale. It is still raining hard. The U. S. mail 
steamer " Arago," from New York, came in to-day. 

Sunday, Feb. 8th. — To-day the transports are unload- 
ing at the landing on St. Helena Island. We will prob- 
ably get off to-morrow. General Naglee, it is reported, 
says he thinks Charleston will be attacked within two 
weeks. Yesterday we had the pleasure of seeing the 
turret iron-clad " Weehawken " come in, making three 
of the monitor class now here. The " New Ironsides " 
is also lying here in the harbor with steam up, and a 



Pennsylvania Volunteers 

powerful looking craft she is. Ship of the line " Ver- 
mont " and the steam frigate " Wabash " are also here, 
with other vessels and craft too numerous to mention. 

Tuesday, Feb. loth. — To-day we landed and went into 
camp on St. Helena Island. The portion of the island 
where we are has been well cultivated. Here is where 
they raised the famous long-fibre " sea-island " cotton. 
Sweet potatoes were also a great crop here. Some of 
our boys sallied out to look up our confines, and found 
an alligator about seven feet long in a marsh at the far 
end of the island, which they shot and hauled into camp. 
They also found some oranges, but they were sour. 

Saturday, April 4th. — Received orders to break camp 
and pack up. In the evening we were all on board a sail- 
ing vessel, — the bark " Milton." So we are now to sail 
the briny, and become sailors before the mast, or behind 
it, — perhaps get into Davy Jones's locker. 

Sunday, April ^th. — Were taken in tow by propeller 
" Key West," and in company with other transports left 
Port Royal harbor and turned south. Just at night we 
ran into the mouth of Edisto River. As we cut loose 
from the propeller, our bark had a collision with a 
schooner which carried off part of our jib-boom. 

Monday, April 6th. — Everything quiet, except rumor, 
which says General Hunter has made a demand for the 
surrender of the city of Charleston. 

Tuesday, April yth. — This morning we had another 
collision, this time with the ship " J. Morton." When the 
tide turned, both vessels swung in toward each other, our 
bowsprit getting foul of the " Morton's " stay-chains, 
which were chopped off to free us. While this was being 
done, a lot of our boys boarded the " Morton " through 
the main chains to get hot coffee, which was a lucky 
thing, as there were no facilities for making coffee on the 
" Milton." A prize schooner was brought in to-day. 
Some of our officers were on shore to-day, and while 
there heard distant firing of cannon to the north. 

Wednesday, April 8th. — It is now reported that our 
8 113 



The Fifty- Second Regiment 

iron-clad fleet has been engaged with the rebel forts in 
Charleston harbor and four of them been disabled. 

Friday, April loth. — Report now says Beaufort is be- 
ing pressed by the rebs and we are ordered back in haste 
to repel them. After being towed out to the open, we 
struck a fine breeze, and, cutting loose from the " Key 
West," we sailed right away from her. 

Saturday, April nth. — We lay outside Port Royal 
entrance all night in a storm. At daylight the " Key 
West " came along and towed us into the harbor. We 
were afterwards taken in tow by the screw steamer " Geo. 
C. Collins," and are now on our way to Beaufort, S. C. 



114 



CHAPTER XV. 

CONCENTRATING IN NORTH CAROLINA. 

The foregoing extract from the diary of one of the 
Fifty-second boys gives an idea of the conditions and 
environments of a soldier at sea in those days, and will 
recall some of the experiences of that expedition to those 
survivors who took part therein. 

On reaching North Carolina the troops from Virginia 
became subject to the orders of General J. G. Foster, 
commanding the Department of North Carolina, the 
troops of that department constituting the Eighteenth 
Army Corps. Here new dispositions of regiments and 
brigades were made. Brigadier-General Naglee became 
a division commander. His Second Division was com- 
posed of two brigades, — the First Brigade under com- 
mand of Brigadier-General Charles Heckman, the Second 
Brigade under our old commander, Colonel W. W. H. 
Davis. The First Brigade was composed of the Eighty- 
first New York, Ninety-eighth New York, Ninth New 
Jersey, and Twenty-third Massachusetts. Davis's bri- 
gade was the Fifty-second Pennsylvania, One Hundred 
and Fourth Pennsylvania, Eleventh Maine, One Hun- 
dredth New York and the Independent Battalion New 
York Volunteers (Enfans Pcrdus). The Fifty-sixth 
New York, which had formed part of our brigade on the 
peninsula, was now assigned to another brigade under 
Colonel J. B. Howell, of the Eighty-fifth Pennsylvania. 
General Naglee's division head-quarters were at New- 
berne, where, for a short time during the absence of 
General Foster, he was temporarily in command of the 

IIS 



The Fifty- Second Regiment 

department. While here, on January 8, 1863, he issued 
his famous order authorizing the regiments formerly 
under his command on the peninsula of Virginia to in- 
scribe on their banners the names of the engagements in 
which they had taken part up to that time. A copy of 
that order is given here as follows : 

" Head-quarters, Naglee's Division, 
Newberne, N. C, Jan. 8, 1863. 
GENERAL ORDERS 
No. 3. 

The several regiments of the late ist Brigade, com- 
manded by General Naglee, will inscribe upon their ban- 
ners the following names, indicating important events in 
the History of the War, in which they acted a conspicu- 
ous part, namely: 

Lee's Mills, April , 1862. — 104th and 52d Penna. 
Vols., nth Maine, 56th and looth N. Y. Vols. 

Williamsburg, May 5th, 1862. — 104th and 52d Penna. 
Vols., nth Maine, 56th and lOOth N. Y. Vols. 

Chickahominy, May 19th, 1862. — 104th and 52d 
Penna. Vols., nth Maine, 56th N. Y. Vols. 

Reconnoissance to Seven Pines, May 24th, 25th and 
26th, 1862. — 104th and 52d Penna. Vols., nth IMaine, 
56th, 1 00th and 98th N. Y. Vols. 

" Seven Pines " or Fair Oaks, May 31st, 1862. — 104th 
and 52d Penna. Vols., nth Maine, 56th and looth N. Y. 
S. Vols. 

Rail Road and Bottoms Bridges, June 27th and 28th, 
1862. — 104th and 52d Penna. Vols., nth Maine, 56th 
and 1 00th N. Y. S. Vols. 

White Oak Swamp Bridge, June 30th, 1862. — 104th 
and 52d Penna. Vols., nth Maine, 56th and lOOth N. Y. 
S. Vols. 

Carter's Hill, July 2d, 1862. — 104th and 52d Penna. 
Vols., nth Maine, 56th and lOOth N. Y. S. Vols. 

116 



Pennsylvania Volunteers 

Mathews County. Nov. 22d, i862.-iith Maine, 52d 
Penna Vols Ind. Batt. N. Y. Vols. 
^'Scester'. Virginia. Dec 14th .86..-52d Penna., 
I ith Maine. 56th and looth ^. \. S. Vo s. 

Yorktown, August 17th to Dec 31st, 862.- 04h 
and 52d Penna. Vols., nth Maine, 56th, 8ist. 98th. lOoth 
N Y and Ind. Batt. N. Y. Vols. 

The General lately commanding the Brigade most hap- 
pily takes this occasion to congratulate the officers and 
sildiers .vith ^yhom he has been so intimately associated^ 
Whilst memory lasts, it will continual y «="■■ ^ ^e 
scenes of deprivation and danger and blood and battle 
hrough which you haye passed, and you will remember 
your Sperience^and discontent, and then your discipline 

%r::;iu'eS^ert!;h 'r°egret the deadly effects of the 

ni' wet[he\°r^TnThe adyance upon W.Uiamsburgh, 
and when ordered by General McClellan to support Gen. 
Hancock, the enemy gave up the contest. 

On the iQth of May, at Bottoms Bridge, you waded 
waTst deep i? the swamps of theChickahominyj^u drove 
awav the enemy and were the first to cross that stream. 
On he 23d, 1 70 of your number made a reconno.ssance 
from Bottom's Bridge^o the James River, -ar Drury s 
Bluff, and returned bringing valuable >nformat on 

On the 24th, 25th and 26th, after other troops had 
failed, you made the gallant dashing reconnoissance o 
the Seven Pines, driving the superior fo'=/ °f G«"- f *f J 
from Bottoms Bridge to within four and a half miles ot 
Richmond, the position nearest that city ever occupied by 

°V:ZU of May, at ■' Fair Oaks," or " Seven Pines," 
occupying the above advanced position your brigade made 
the most^desperate, bloody, obstinate fight of the w^r, at^d 
while we mourn the loss of one-ha f of .o"-- ^^Tf ^es in 
arms you have the consolation of knowing that by their 



117 



The Fifty- Second Regiment 

heroic sacrifice and your stubborn resistance, you saved 
the Army of the Potomac from great disaster. 

On the 27th, 28th and 29th of June, the Rebel General 
Jackson hurled his immense force suddenly upon our 
right and passed that flank of the army, and all turned 
with extreme solicitude towards the rear at Bottoms 
Bridge, which, if crossed, would result in irretrievable 
ruin; and it should be a source of great pride and satis- 
faction in the future to remember that all this intense 
anxiety was dispelled, and all breathed with relief and felt 
secure, when it rapidly ran through the Army that " Na- 
glee's Brigade had destroyed the bridges and stood night 
and day, for three days, in the middle of the Chickahom- 
iny successfully and continually resisting its passage." 

Again, on the following day, you held a post of the 
greatest importance and danger; at the White Oak 
Swamp the most determined efforts of the enemy to cross 
the bridge in pursuit of our amiy were thwarted by our 
artillery, and you stood for ten hours supporting it, quiet 
spectators of the most terrific cannonade, while other 
regiments were only kept in place by being ordered back 
when they approached your line. Retreating all night, 
you stood ready in position on the following day, expect- 
ing to be ordered to take part in the battle at Malvern 
Hill. 

Retreating again all night, at Carter's Hill on the 2d of 
July, you stood by the artillery and wagon train, and 
when all expected it would be destroyed, you brought it 
safely to Harrison's Landing. 

During December you destroyed a dozen large salt 
works in Mathews County, Virginia, and drove the 
Rangers from that and Gloucester, Middlesex, and King 
and Queen Counties, captured large herds intended for 
the rebel army, and destroyed all their barracks, stables 
and stores. 

At Yorktown, from August to the end of December, 
you have restored the works at that place and Gloucester 

118 



Pennsylvania Volunteers 

Point, and they are by your labor rendered strong and 
defensible. 

Thus is yours the honor of having been the first to 
pass and the last to leave the Chickahominy, and while 
you led the advance from this memorable place to near 
Richmond, you were the last in the retreating column, 
when after seven days' constant fighting it reached a place 
of security and rest at Harrison's Landing. 

Your descendants for generations will boast of the 
gallant conduct of the regiments to which you belong, and 
when all are laid in the dust, history will still proclaim 
the glorious deeds performed by you. 

Go on ! " The Truth is mighty and will prevail." Pre- 
tenders, for a time, may rob you of your just deserts, but 
as you have experienced, their evil report will certainly 
be exposed ; for your many friends at home, ever watch- 
ful of and identified with your reputation, will see that 
justice shall be done. 

A new page in your history is about to be written, let it 
be still more brilliant than that already known. Your 
past good conduct has won the warmest esteem and confi- 
dence of your late Brigade Commander; he has no appre- 
hensions for the future. 

By command of Brig.-Gen. Henry M. Naglee, 

Commanding Division. 

Geo. H. Johnson, 
Captain and A. A. G. 

The sojourn in North Carolina was less than a month 
in duration, and was only a concentration of troops pre- 
paratory to operations farther south against Charleston 
and other points along the coast. General Ferry, with a 
brigade from Suffolk, Va., and General Wessells, with his 
brigade, now formed part of the forces under Foster, so 
that, when the order to embark again was given, five 

119 



The Fifty-Second Regiment 

brigades were included in the command, witli a regiment 
of artillery. The embarkation began on January 19th, 
but it was not until January 29th that the expedition got 
under way. While in the harbor of Beaufort, N. C, 
awaiting the signal to put to sea, General Naglee issued 
an order for the formation of a battalion of sharp- 
shooters, and Lieutenant-Colonel H. M. Hoyt, of the 
Fifty-second Pennsylvania, was placed in command of it. 
Each regiment in our brigade furnished a detail of offi- 
cers and men for this duty, about three hundred all told. 



120 



CHAPTER XVI. 

SAILING OF THE FLEET. 

On the 29th of January the signal was given for sail- 
ing, and the fleet, following the lead of the flag-ship 
" Cahawba," on which General Naglee made his head- 
quarters, put out to sea. It was 5 p.m. when the fleet 
had cleared the harbor and turned southward. The 
Fifty-second was again on the " Expounder," the same 
vessel on which it came down from Fort Monroe. The 
expedition passed Charleston on the night of the 30th, 
and on the 31st reached Port Royal, S. C. The harbor 
here was used as the naval station for the South Atlantic 
blockading squadron at this time and until the close of the 
war. 

General Foster was detained in North Carolina and 
was not Vv^ith the expedition, General Naglee being in 
command of the Eighteenth Corps troops. He reported 
to Major-General David Hunter, then in command of 
the Department of the South. Hunter thereupon 
assumed command of all the troops and issued an order 
incorporating them into the Tenth Army Corps, directing 
all supplies, equipment, etc., to be turned over to his 
quartermaster-general, and rearranging things to suit 
himself. However, it did not suit ever3^body. General 
Naglee especially, and he put up a vigorous kick. He 
quickly advised General Foster of the situation, and that 
officer took up the matter with the War Department at 
Washington, the result being that the orders of Hunter 
were revoked, leaving our troops in the Eighteenth Corps. 
This was only a temporary victory for General Naglee. 

121 



The Fifty- Second Regiment 

The truce was short lived, culminating in General Naglee 
being ordered to New York, from which place he was 
to report to the adjutant-general of the army at Wash- 
ington. He left the Department of the South on March 
nth, taking with him the esteem and best wishes of all 
the officers and men who had ser\^ed under him. He was 
a most energetic, brave, and gallant officer, and his de- 
parture was sincerely regretted. Brigadier-General 
Ferry, next in rank, was put in command of the Eigh- 
teenth Corps troops. Our (Davis's) brigade had been 
camping on St. Helena Island, just north of Port Royal 
harbor, since the i ith of February. While here the pay- 
master made a visit and disbursed four months' pay, — 
November, December, January, and February. There 
was not a place on the island where the boys could spend 
any money, so there was '' nothing doing " in the way 
of celebrating the happy event. On March 23d the One 
Hundredth New York was sent to Coles Island, where it 
was in Colonel Howells's brigade for a time. There 
were rumors now rife of an early attack upon Charleston, 
and orders were soon received for the troops to prepare 
for embarkation. The forces at Hilton Head and on the 
adjacent islands consisted of three divisions of infantry, 
a brigade of artillery, a battalion of engineers, and a light 
battery. The Fifty-second Pennsylvania was assigned to 
the bark " Milton," the One Hundred and Fourth Penn- 
sylvania and Eleventh Maine to the steamer " Cahawba," 
and the Independent Battalion (Enfans Perdiis) to the 
propeller " G. C. Collins." We were in General Heck- 
man's division, his flag-ship being the propeller " United 
States." The troops, altogether numbering about 16,000, 
were embarked on the 3d and 4th of April, the destination 



Pennsylvania Volunteers 

being in the North Edisto, about twenty miles south of 
Charleston. Here the fleet of transports cast anchor to 
await the result of the iron-clads' attack on Fort Sumter 
and other defences of Charleston harbor. One brigade, 
however, under Colonel Howells, consisting of the One 
Hundredth New York, Eighty-fifth Pennsylvania, 
Thirt3'--ninth Illinois, and Sixty-second Ohio, was landed 
on the south end of Folly Island, at the mouth of the 
Stono River. Here in the broad entrance to the Stono, 
the iron-clad annada had assembled for the purpose of 
" sailing into " Charleston harbor and laying waste all its 
famous and frowning fortifications. When this little 
" stunt " had been satisfactorily accomplished, we were to 
land and surround all that was left of the doomed city, 
turning the same over to Uncle Sam for such punishment 
as was thought proper for the '' hot-bed of secession." 
Well, on April 6th the invincible iron-clads crossed 
Charleston bar, and cast anchor in the outer harbor. Ad- 
miral Du Pont was in command on his flag-ship the 
" New Ironsides," at that time considered the most 
powerful battle-ship in the world. He had with him 
seven monitors and the double-turret monitor '* Keokuk." 
On the 7th this formidable fleet " w'ent in " to do up Fort 
Sumter and any other little fort that might be standing 
around in our way. The monitors approached within 
six or seven hundred yards of Sumter, the " Ironsides " 
within one thousand yards, and for about two long hours 
they made it quite interesting for the rebellious people in 
those forts. Then they withdrew, threw up the sponge, 
and called the fight off. The " Keokuk " had been struck 
below the belt and sunk soon after withdrawing. Two 
other monitors were practically disabled for actual busi- 

123 



The Fifty- Second Regiment 

ness. All had dents in their iron plating, and some had 
holes through their smoke-stacks, but no serious mishap 
to them that would necessitate withdrawal. There being- 
no prospect of a renewal of the attack by the fleet, and 
therefore no call for the landing of troops, our trans- 
ports pulled up anchor and sailed back again. On the 
nth of April our brigade was sent to Beaufort. S. C. 
Here the Eleventh Maine was detached and sent to Fer- 
nandina, Florida. The New York Independent Battal- 
ion were sent back to St. Helena Island, leaving the Fifty- 
second Pennsylvania and the One Hundred and Fourth 
Pennsylvania almost alone in their glory. 



124 




GENERAL QUINCY A. GILLMORE 
Commander Department of the South. 



CHAPTER XVIl. 

OPERATIONS AT BEAUFORT. 

Colonel Davis was in command of the post of Beau- 
fort, at which post there were two colored regiments re- 
cruited in the department from contrabands, one by- 
Colonel Montgomery, the other by Colonel Thos. W. Hig- 
ginson, a New Englander afterwards widely known as 
an author and educator. There were also two short-term 
Pennsylvania militia regiments, the One Hundred and 
Seventy-fourth and One Hundred and Seventy-sixth 
Pennsylvania, whose time expired while there. A regi- 
ment of colored troops raised in Massachusetts (the 
Fifty-fourth Massachusetts), commanded by Colonel 
Shaw (afterwards killed in the assault upon Fort Wag- 
ner, Morris Island), was added to Montgomery's com- 
mand, making up a colored brigade. These colored 
troops were kept busy going out in different directions on 
so-called " expeditions," which amounted to little more 
than predatory raids on the plantations along the coast. 
Otherwise things were rather quiet for some time in the 
Department of the South. But busier times were not 
far off. On the 12th of June, Brigadier-General Quincy 
A. Gillmore made his appearance and assumed command 
of the Department, relieving General Hunter, and also 
relieving the minds of the officers and men serving under 
him. His advent put new life into the troops, for he im- 
mediately started in to " do things." Howells's brigade 
was still in possession of Folly Island, and had thrown 
up some earthworks there. The force there was aug- 
mented by detachm.ents of New York engineers, and by 
the First United States, Third Rhode Island, and Third 

125 



The Fifty- Second Regiment 

New York Artillery. On the 15th of June work was be- 
gun on the north end of Folly Island, where Gillmore 
planted batteries to aid in getting possession of Morris 
Island, with the ultimate object of reducing Fort Sumter. 
On July 4th the troops at Beaufort had a Fourth of July 
celebration on the public square. The square was shaded 
by great live-oak trees, making an ideal place for the 
exercises, games, and amusements that were indulged in. 
It was a sane celebration, as there were no fireworks 
A salute was fired at one of the redoubts near the river. 
The colored troops had their exercises at the south end 
of the square, where Colonel Higginson delivered a 
patriotic address. Our officers and theirs did not fra- 
ternize to any extent, and the men did not mix at all. 
The day's festivities closed without any casualties. 

On July 6th the paymaster made his debut among the 
boys, distributing four months' pay. It would have been 
appreciated more had it been made a few days earlier. 
An order had been issued on the 5th for the Fifty-second 
and One Hundred and Fourth Regiments to embark for 
Folly Island, but it was held up to accommodate the 
paymaster. 

However, the boys, having the money in their clothes, 
embarked on the afternoon of the 6th in the best of 
spirits. The Fifty-second was on the transport " Bos- 
ton," which landed the regiment on Folly Island after 
dark. The One Hundred and Fourth was on the " Dela- 
ware." Both vessels got away before daylight, so the 
enemy had no knowledge of their arrival or departure. 
The idea was to screen the movements of the troops as 
much as possible from the enemy. General Gillmore was 
now about ready to cross Tight-house Inlet from the 

126 



Pennsylvania Volunteers 

north end of Folly Island and get a footing on the south- 
eastern end of Morris Island. In order to draw off a 
part of the enemy from his point of attack, he planned 
a feigned attack by way of James Island and Secession- 
ville. Brigadier-General A. H. Terry was entrusted with 
carrying out this movement up the Stono River, and the 
troops assigned him for the purpose were Stephenson's 
brigade from Edisto, — consisting of the Tenth Connecti- 
cut, Ninety-seventh Pennsylvania, Twenty-fourth Massa- 
chusetts, and the Fourth New Hampshire, — Davis's bri- 
gade, consisting of the Fifty-second Pennsylvania, One 
Hundred and Fourth Pennsylvania, Fifty-sixth New 
York, and two colored regiments, the Fifty-fourth Mas- 
sachusetts and the Second South Carolina under Colonel 
Montgomery. On the afternoon of July 9th this force 
embarked on transports which steamed up the Stono 
River, convoyed by the monitor " Nantucket," the gun- 
boats " Pawnee " and " Commodore McDonough." and 
a mortar schooner. About three miles up the river, at 
Stevens Landing, the Fifty-second Pennsylvania and the 
One Hundred and Fourth Pennsylvania disembarked in 
the mud, and marched up the causeway to a bridge, where 
a rebel picket post fired and fled. The two regiments 
here bivouacked for the night, the other troops remaining 
on their transports. In the morning the Fifty-second and 
One Hundred and Fourth made a reconnoissance towards 
Secessionville, driving away some cavalry pickets, but 
were recalled by General Terry. Meantime the other 
troops had landed and gone into camp. Our brigade 
camped in the edge of the woods near the roadway, the 
others in the open land on the left, the picket line being 
established nearly a mile in our front. During the morn- 

127 



The Fifty- Second Regiment 

ing the distant booming of Gillmore's guns could be heard 
across the intervening islands and swamps, giving us in- 
formation that he was on schedule time with his train of 
operations. Our camp for several days was undis- 
turbed, except by the incessant and venomous attacks of 
the mosquitoes that swarmed in the swamps and woods 
around us. On July 14th our force was augmented by 
the arrival of Rockwell's Connecticut battery. This addi- 
tion of light artillery came just in time, as it was 
called into action in our front on the second morning 
after its arrival. On that morning — July i6th — the 
rebels came down from Charleston and Secessionville 
with the evident intention of " doing up " the Yanks for 
daring to invade the sacred soil of James Island. Our 
feigned attack had finally succeeded in calling off a con- 
siderable force from Gillmore's front, for they came for 
us with a brigade of Stonewall Jackson's old corps, sev- 
eral regiments of Georgia and North Carolina troops, 
two batteries of 12-pounders, and some cavalry. They 
fiercely assaulted the line held by our pickets, driving 
in the Fifty-fourth Massachusetts and Tenth Connecticut, 
with considerable loss to the former. Having thus 
cleared the way, they came on the field in force. One of 
their batteries, placed near the Grimball house in front 
of our extreme left, opened fire on the gun-boat " Paw- 
nee," lying at anchor a short distance below that place in 
the Stono. The gun-boat was headed upstream and not 
in position to bring her guns to bear on the battery. The 
" Pawnee " pulled up anchor, and, in swinging around to 
bring her broadside in play, ran aground. The rebels im- 
proved this opportunity, for before the turn of the tide 
enabled her to get off and drop downstream in position 

128 



Pennsylvania Volunteers 

to reply, they had hit her about fifty times, without, how- 
ever, doing serious damage to the boat, and only killing 
one and wounding three of her crew. When she brought 
her guns to bear, the rebs' battery was soon silenced, being 
forced to retire out of range, with its infantry supports. 
Failing to turn our left by destroying or driving away the 
" Pawnee," the enemy made an attack on our right. 
Bringing out a battery on the causeway on the left flank 
of their infantry formation, they opened with shot and 
shell on our lines, now formed ready for the expected 
charge of the enemy and lying down to await their com- 
ing. They sent a great many of their shells into the 
woods where our brigade encamped but which was now 
vacated, and many more over the heads of the troops. 
Rockwell's Connecticut battery was soon in position in 
front of the woods on our right and playing on the rebel 
battery with good effect. Two guns were dismounted 
and several of their gunners and horses were killed. 
Having put the battery in bad shape. Captain Rockwell 
began playing on the enemy's infantry lines, with serious 
results to them. They were massed for a charge on our 
lines, and they suffered much more severely than we at 
that time supposed. It was afterwards learned from 
rebel sources that the loss in killed and wounded among 
the North Carolina troops alone was over a hundred. 
While this combat of artillery was going on, one of our 
transports, — the " John Adams," — with a 30-pound Par- 
rott rifle pivoted on her bow, came up the creek, or bayou, 
on our right, to a position opposite, and from which it 
could see the left flank of the enemy. It had on board 
supplies for our troops, and, most fortunately, supplies of 
ammunition for its gun. On board also were Lieutenant 
9 129 



The Fifty-Second Regiment 

C. P. Ross, quartermaster of the Fifty-second Pennsyl- 
vania, and Lieutenant McCoy, of the One Hundred and 
Fourth Pennsylvania, They took in the situation and at 
once concluded to take a hand in the fight. The Parrott 
gun was loaded and fired about a dozen times, and, if it 
did nothing more, it certainly gave the enemy the impres- 
sion that both our flanks were protected by gunboats, for 
they soon afterwards retired from the field without at- 
tempting to charge our lines. This quartermaster's gun- 
boat fight was one of the " features " of the engagement, 
as it was as unexpected by General Terry as it was by the 
enemy. Our loss was almost entirely confined to the 
Fifty- fourth Massachusetts, which regiment was fiercely 
attacked on the picket line, losing about fifty killed and 
wounded. One of the Connecticut battery was killed, 
and a mounted orderly of Colonel Davis was wounded 
and his horse killed. The object of our James Island 
campaign having been fully accomplished by diverting 
the attention of the enemy while Gillmore made a descent 
upon Morris Island, General Terry received orders to 
return to Folly Island. This was safely accomplished 
the next night. The Fifty-second Pennsylvania was sent 
out on the picket line for the night, while the other troops 
packed up their traps ready to leave under cover of dark- 
ness. The embarkation was made after dark and during 
a heavy thunder-storm. Colonel Davis, of the One Hun- 
dred and Fourth Pennsylvania, in command of our bri- 
gade, describes his experiences of that night as follows : 
" The night was one of the darkest I ever saw and the 
rain fell in unceasing torrents. Everything combined 
to render it a period of gloomy uncertainty. My brigade 
was required to furnish a regiment for picket that night, 

130 



Pennsylvania Volunteers 

and the Fifty-second Pennsylvania was detailed for this 
unpleasant duty. Tt fell to my lot to be field-officer of 
the day. Nearly all the baggage had been hauled down 
to the wharf by one o'clock a.m. and several of the 
regiments put en route across the marshes. At this hour 
I was ordered to ride to the front and draw in the pickets. 
They were in close proximity to the enemy. I was 
guided by the vivid flashes of lightning which accom- 
panied the loud thunder and pouring rain as I floundered 
into ditches and rode through briars and thorns. Several 
times I stopped, completely lost, and had to wait for a 
new lightning flash to direct me on my course. After 
considerable difficulty, I found the line and ordered it 
withdrawn. Lieutenant-Colonel Hoyt and Major Conyng- 
ham were both on duty with the regiment, whom I 
found watching with their men in the bush, wet to the 
skin. They will call to mind how, when they came to 
look for their picket posts, some of them could not be 
found, and the men did not know the regiment had been 
withdrawn until daylight informed them that they were 
alone. They reached the landing in time to embark 
with the rear guard." (The Ninety-seventh Pennsyl- 
vania was rear guard at the landing.) 

The Fifty-second Pennsylvania were finally on board, 
and at daylight of the 17th the James Island Invading 
Expedition was safely on its way back to Folly Island. 
Colonel Davis, with the One Hundred and Fourth Penn- 
sylvania, Fifty-sixth New York, and several other regi- 
ments, left James Island by a causeway which had been 
found to connect, by crossing several bridges, with Coles 
Island, a march of about four miles. The bridges were 
destroyed in their rear as they went. 

X31 



CHAPTER XVIII. 

AT THE NORTH END OF FOLLY ISLAND. 

On the next day — July i8th — the brigade marched 
up Folly Island to the north end near Light-house Inlet. 
At evening the baggage-wagons had come up from Paw- 
nee Landing, and camps were settled for the night. On 
the other side of the inlet — over on Morris Island — 
things were not so quiet or restful. A second assault 
on Fort Wagner had been planned by General Gillmore 
to be made this evening of the i8th. The first attempt to 
carry the fort by storm was made on July i ith, while we 
were on James Island. General Strong led that assault 
with his brigade, — the Seventh Connecticut, Seventy- 
sixth Pennsylvania, and Ninth Maine. It resulted in 
failure, and with a loss of about 280 killed and wounded. 
Siege operations had been commenced and the first paral- 
lel completed on the 17th, when it was decided, before 
going on with the siege, to try another assault, — that for 
this evening of the i8th. This second assault resulted 
also in failure, and a much more disastrous one, the 
losses being 118 officers and 1357 men. Colonel Shaw 
with his Fifty- fourth Massachusetts (colored) regiment 
led the column of attack. He was killed, and, as the 
rebels reported, " buried in the ditch with his niggers." 
General Strong, who led the first attack, was also in the 
second, and mortally wounded, dying on the 30th in New 
York. General Truman Seymour was wounded and one 
of his aides killed. Colonel Chatfield, of the Sixth Con- 
necticut, was wounded, and died a few weeks later in 
Connecticut. Colonel Putnam, of the Third New Hamp- 

132 



Pennsylvania Volunteers 

shire, was killed on the parapet of the fort, where he 
was holding on with a few of his command in the hope of 
getting re-enforcements that would yet be victorious. 

The second attempt to get possession of Fort Wagner 
by assault having failed, the siege operations, begun 
on the 13th, were now continued. 

The Fifty-second and the other regiments of the bri- 
gade bivouacked that night at the north end of Folly 
Island, passing a very gloomy night. It rained heavily 
during the night, and the sad news of defeat and death 
on Morris Island threw a cloud of sadness over the camp. 
The casualties among the brigade commanders and gen- 
eral officers made necessary the appointment of others 
to succeed them. General A. H. Terry succeeded General 
Seymour in command of the troops on Morris Island, and 
General Israel Vodges, who had been in command on Folly 
Island, was ordered over to Morris Island to the com- 
mand of Strong's brigade. This left Colonel W. W. H. 
Davis the senior officer on Folly Island, and on the 19th 
he was placed in command of the forces on that island. 
The troops were the Fifty-second Pennsylvania, One 
Hundred and Fourth Pennsylvania, Fifty-sixth New- 
York, Forty-seventh New York, the Independent Bat- 
talion New York, and three light batteries. Folly Island 
stretches south from Light-house Inlet about seven miles, 
and is one-half in width at the widest part. It was 
heavily timbered, and supplied the engineers on Morris 
Island with timber for the construction of batteries, 
magazines, stockades, and other purposes during the 
siege. 



133 



CHAPTER XIX. 

THE SIEGE OF FORT WAGNER. 

As previously stated, the first parallel was completed 
on July 17th. It was 1350 yards from Wagner and 4000 
yards from Sumter. On the 23d a second parallel was 
commenced at a distance of 600 yards to 800 yards 
nearer. Meantime, on the 25th, the erection of breaching 
batteries began. At the first parallel near the beach 
was the naval battery manned by gunners from the fleet. 
It mounted two 200-pounder Parrotts and two 84- 
pounder Whitworth rifled guns. In addition there were 
five 8-inch and five ten-inch siege mortars, two 30- 
pounder Parrotts, and a Requa battery manned by sol- 
diers. In the second parallel were mounted two 200- 
pounder and five lOO-pounder Parrotts, in three batter- 
ies. The " Left Batteries," four in number, at a dis- 
tance of 4250 yards from Sumter, mounted one 300- 
pounder, two 200-pounder, five lOO-pounder, and four 
20-pounder Parrotts. All these batteries were subse- 
quently used in the reduction of Fort Sumter. Near the 
second parallel a large magazine was built, and adjoining 
it a bomb-proof for head-quarters, with a telegraph in- 
strument and operators inside. This was used by the 
field-officers of the trenches. On the beach a battery 
mounting two 12-inch howitzers, called the ** Surf Bat- 
tery," was erected. On July 24th an exchange of pris- 
oners took place in the harbor, under flags of truce, and 
105 of our wounded were returned, — among them, how- 
ever, none of the colored soldiers. 

134 



Pennsylvania Volunteers 

On July 29th the rebels opened fire from a new battery 
erected on James Island, called " Bull of the Woods." 
On July 31st General Vodges returned to the command 
of Folly Island, relieving Colonel Davis. On August 
1st the forces were increased by the arrival of Gordon's 
brigade of the Eleventh Corps, and later by another bri- 
gade under General A. Schimmelfennig. On August 3d 
Captain Paine, of the One Hundredth New York, was 
captured while scouting in the creek at the south side of 
Wagner. He was a bold scout and had, during many 
previous " expeditions " with his boat's crew, obtained 
much important information. 

About this time the erection of a battery away out in 
the swamp between Morris Island and James Island was 
commenced. It was located nearly a mile from our 
Morris Island batteries, and its erection was considered 
a great engineering feat. The location selected was cov- 
ered by water at high tide, and a creek near-by which 
was navigable at high tide made possible the transpor- 
tation, to the site, of materials for its construction, which 
were a raft of logs for a foundation, sand-bags to be 
piled thereon until it sank to a solid position, timbers, 
planks, and sand-bags to make a floor for the gun, and 
three thick walls for its protection. It was commenced 
on August 4th and completed August 19th, all the work 
being done at night and at hours when the tides were 
favorable. The gun — a 200-pounder Parrott — was 
floated to the spot on a timber raft at high tide, and trans- 
ferred to its position inside the little sand-bag fort before 
the enemy knew what was going on out in the marshes. 
From this battery (named the " Swamp Angel ") it was 
exactly five miles to Charleston City. By elevating the 

135 



The Fifty- Second Regiment 

gun to an angle of 35 degrees it could throw a shell that 
distance. General Gillmore, now having the means of 
shelling Charleston, made a demand upon General 
Beauregard to evacuate Morris Island and Fort Sumter 
or he would bombard that city. This demand was not 
complied with. Beauregard was not ready to be " hoist " 
with one little gun located in a swamp, and therefore de- 
clined the proposition to give quit-claim possession to " all 
and singular the hereditaments and premises " as afore- 
said demanded. Thereupon Gillmore's gunners in the 
Swamp Angel battery sent some special messengers in 
the shape of shells through the air into Charleston, where 
they alighted without much difficulty or damage, but much 
to the consternation of its citizens. The gun was fired 
only thirty-five times when it exploded. It was not 
replaced. 

The third parallel was opened on August 9th by means 
of the " flying sap," 450 yards from Wagner. A large 
roller made of bundles of withes confined by iron bands 
was rolled along in front of the " sappers " or trench 
diggers, protecting them from the sharp-shooters of the 
enemy; the sand thrown out on the exposed side gave 
protection also, except as to shells thrown high in the 
air by mortars or by guns at a considerable distance. 

Duty in the trenches during the siege operations was 
very fatiguing and dangerous. A " tour of duty " was 
for twenty-four hours, going in under cover of the dark- 
ness one night and remaining until the next night. Our 
brigade, although encamped on Folly Island, furnished 
its quotas for duty in the trenches — both as guards and 
as workers — as regularly as the other brigades. On 
August 3d the detail was for 450 men, and again on 

136 



Pennsylvania Volunteers 

August 5th for the same number. It was a 24-hour turn 
about every other day during the siege. On the evening 
of August 22d the whole brigade was ordered to Morris 
Island with two days' cooked rations, for a tour of two 
days' duty in the trenches. That day — or, rather, night 
— a fourth parallel was opened at a distance of 300 yards 
from Wagner. A short distance in front of this, a 
sand ridge sheltered the sharp-shooters, who were a con- 
stant annoyance to our men working in the trenches. 
On the night of August 26th, the Twenty-fourth Massa- 
chusetts, under Colonel Osborn, made a rush for this 
ridge with the bayonet, and captured it, together with 
about seventy of their men, who failed to get away. The 
prisoners were furnished shovels and made to dig for 
their lives, — in other words, to throw up sand for their 
own protection as well as that of their captors. Along 
this ridge the same night the fifth parallel was opened, 
within 200 yards of the fort. Our brigade was held 
over for another day, making our two-day tour of duty 
last three full days and more. 

On the 29th of August our brigade was ordered to 
Morris Island, taking the place of General Ames's bri- 
gade, which replaced ours on Folly. We did not get 
across the inlet until the next morning, when we marched 
up to the " look-out " and went into camp on the beach. 

While the pushing forward of our zigzags and parallels 
was going on, the great batteries of guns that Gillmore 
had placed in position in different parts of the works had 
been battering down the walls of Fort Sumter. Every- 
thing being ready on August i6th, these great batteries 
were directed to concentrate their fire early the next, 
morning on Sumter. At four o'clock a.m. the baJI 

137 



The Fifty- Second Regiment 

opened, and the rebel garrison at Wagner found them- 
selves entirely ignored by the shot and shells from our 
guns, which went screaming over their heads to crash 
against the walls of Sumter, a mile and a half beyond 
them. The iron-clads also took a hand in the bombard- 
ment, two of the monitors giving their attention to Sum- 
ter while the others poured shells into Wagner to prevent 
her gunners from annoying our breaching batteries. The 
bombardment opened at daylight and continued until 
sunset every day for a week, when, on the 23d, Sumter 
was declared a hopeless wreck. It certainly looked it. 
All the barbette guns were dismounted and buried in the 
debris. The gorge wall and sea face were so shattered 
and tumbled down that many of the arches of the case- 
mates were plainly exposed to view. The once frowning 
fortress now presented the outward appearance of a 
shapeless mass of brick and mortar. Our three days' 
tour of duty beginning on the 22d permitted us to be 
eye-witnesses of the closing scene of this historic feat 
of military engineering skill. 

And yet the siege of Wagner went bravely on. When 
the bombardment of Sumter opened, the garrison of 
Wagner made a sortie, driving our pickets back from 
the advanced position then held. They were soon driven 
back themselves, and the sappers again went to work as 
usual. 

From the fifth parallel a flying sap was started towards 
the fort. It advanced 75 yards the first night, notwith- 
standing a hot fire from the fort by muskets, grape, and 
canister, and shells from Coehorn mortars. The sap- 
pers picked out of the sand, on this approach, ten tor- 
pedoes, which had been planted there by the enemy. Some 

138 



Pennsylvania Volunteers 

of them were accidentally exploded, but, fortunately, no 
serious casualty resulted. This last approach was simply 
run zigzag like this: AAA/V\, the sand-bags and gabions 
protecting the sappers. On September 5th the sap was so 
close to Wagner that the sand shovelled out rolled into 
the moat or ditch surrounding the fort. 



139 



CHAPTER XX. 

THE ASSAULT ON FORT WAGNER. 

General Gillmore then decided to assault the fort 
next morning, September 7th. The plan for the assault 
was as follows : Two regiments — the Ninety-seventh 
Pennsylvania and the Third New Hampshire — were to 
take position in the zigzags nearest the front of the fort; 
two brigades — Stephenson's and Davis's — were to be 
next in order in the trenches and parallels. At the signal 
all were to get out of the trenches and go to their work 
on the double-quick; the two leading regiments over the 
front of the fort; Stephenson's brigade to pass the fort 
on the beach, file left, and mount the rear walls of the 
fort; Davis's brigade also to pass the fort and intervene 
between it and Fort Gregg, to prevent re-enforcements 
from that end of the island, and to throw up intrench- 
ments there. The troops were marshalling for this third 
assault, when a deserter, or left-behind reb, came in and 
reported that ]\Iorris Island had been evacuated by the 
enemy before midnight. A sergeant of the Thirty-ninth 
Illinois volunteered to go to the fort and ascertain if this 
reported evacuation was true. He did so, and on his 
return announced the fort deserted. 

A small detachment was sent into the works to take 
possession, and the troops marthcr] u]) the beach to Cum- 
mings Point in hopes of capturing some of the retreating 
foe, but they had made good their escape. Another de- 
tachment v/as placed in Battery Gregg, and before day- 
light our troops returned clown the beach with lighter 
hearts than when they marched up, and with good appe- 

140 



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The Fifty-Second Regiment 

Fifty-second Pennsylvania did its full share of all these 
duties. The amount of work done (actual manual labor) 
may be better understood when we say that the trenches, 
parallels, splinter-proofs, batteries, and earthworks con- 
structed during the siege measured nearly eight miles in 
length. This work was done by Northern men and boys 
in midsummer in South Carolina, on an island devoid of 
shade and water, with the thermometer at ioo° or over 
the greater part of the time. 



142 



CHAPTER XXI. 

UNSUCCESSFUL ATTEMPT ON FORT SUMTER. 

The second night after we were in possession of the 
island, Admiral Dahlgren made an attempt to capture 
Fort Sumter with a naval force in boats from the fleet. 
His boats were gotten together during the afternoon in 
plain view of the enemy, who were thus informed that 
there was " something doing," and met his boats, when 
they approached the fort at lo o'clock that night, with 
a galling fire of musketry. The Sullivan's Island bat- 
teries, also advised, poured shot and shell amongst them. 
Some of them landed and tried to scale the tumbled-down 
walls, but were all either killed, or wounded and cap- 
tured. Of the 400 officers and men sent on this hazard- 
ous attempt only 250 returned. 

On the 7th, while the admiral was planning this daring 
attack on Sumter, one of his monitors, the "Weehawken," 
which went up " snooping " around near Fort Sumter, 
smelling of the obstructions in the channel leading to the 
inner harbor, and otherwise taking liberties with the 
environment, got herself into trouble by running aground 
opposite Fort Moultrie, on Sullivan's Island, and within 
easy range of the guns of that fortification and of Bat- 
tery Bee on the same island. She was unable to get ofif 
during the night, and, when the enemy discovered her 
there at daylight, their batteries opened a tremendous fire 
upon her. The " Ironsides " and the other monitors at 
once pulled up anchor and went to her defence. The 
whole iron-clad fleet took position in front of Sullivan's 
Island and poured an incessant fire into Moultrie and the 

143 



The Fifty- Second Regiment 

other forts thereon. The " Ironsides " would fire a 
broadside, then swing around and give another from the 
other side, while the monitors played their big guns for 
all they were worth. It was a magnificent sight, and 
nearly all the troops on Morris Island congregated on the 
sand hills to witness the combat. During the hottest part 
of the engagement one of the enemy's magazines was 
blown up, sending earth, timbers, and a cloud of black 
smoke high in the air. A number of frame buildings, 
one of which had formerly been a summer hotel, were 
burned by shots from our fleet, and added a conflagration 
to the lively panorama of actual warfare spread out 
before us watchers on the hills. The " Weehawken," 
although aground, was not idle, as her turret could turn if 
she could not, and she kept up the fight with the others, 
until in the afternoon, having been much lightened by the 
ammunition expended and metal thrown from her gun, 
she floated free. The guns of Moultrie had nearly all 
been silenced when the fleet withdrew and returned to its 
anchorage. This action demonstrated the fact that at 
that time this was the strongest, most invulnerable fleet 
of war vessels in the world. 

After the occupation of the upper end of Morris 
Island new works were erected on Cummings Point, 
mounting Parrott guns and mortars. Battery Gregg was 
faced the other way, and a 300-pounder Parrott was 
mounted within, pointing towards Sumter. The distance 
from Cummings Point to Charleston was only a little 
over three miles, — nearly two miles nearer than the 
" Swamp Angel " battery, — and the distance to Fort 
Moultrie, and also to Fort Johnson, was only one mile 
and a half. Sumter was about one mile away. A battery 

144 



Pennsylvania Volunteers 

was erected between Wagner and Gregg, named Chat- 
field, in honor of Colonel Chatfield, of the Sixth Connec- 
ticut, killed in the second assault of Wagner. The name 
of one of the " Left Batteries " was changed to Battery 
Strong, in honor of General George C, Strong, also killed 
at Wagner, and a new battery erected on the east end of 
the island was named Fort Shaw, in honor of Colonel 
Robert G. Shaw, of the Fifty-fourth Massachusetts, 
killed at the same place. 



145 



CHAPTER XXII. 

SECOND BOMBARDMENT OF SUMTER. 

On October 26th, our new batteries being ready for 
business, they were given a trial by a bombardment of 
Fort Sumter, which was still floating the stars and bars 
defiantly before our eyes and maintaining a garrison of 
rebellious people within, much against our wishes. From 
Battery Chatfield in one day the 300-pounder Parrott 
threw projectiles aggregating 15,000 pounds in weight 
into Fort Sumter. The other guns and batteries added 
their quota, and kept it going for a week. By that time 
it was considered advisable to investigate conditions at 
Sumter, with a view to moving in and occupying it as 
a winter residence. Colonel Davis says : " A few nights 
afterward General Terry, commanding the forces on the 
island, ordered a reconnoissance in force to be made to 
the fort. It was commanded by Major Conyngham, of 
the Fifty-second Pennsylvania regiment. The force 
consisted of two hundred and fifty men with rifles, and 
a Requa battery in charge of Lieutenant Bitting. The 
instructions were to make such demonstration against 
Sumter as to induce the garrison ' to use musketry fire 
on the boats,' and thus ascertain its strength. An assault 
was not to be made upon the fort unless it was evident 
that it could be easily taken. The boats lay in one of the 
creeks until the moon went down, when they pulled out 
into the harbor. Under cover of the darkness they 
were able to approach within a few hundred yards of the 
fort before they were discovered, when they were fired 
upon. The garrison appeared to have been on the watch. 

146 



Pennsylvania Volunteers 

This was followed by a shot from a steamer, probably 
a ram, that lay behind the angle of the fort toward 
Charleston, and soon the batteries on James and Sulli- 
van's Islands opened a cross-fire on the boats, the shot 
and shell ricochetting very lively across the water. The 
object of the reconnoissance being accomplished, in de- 
veloping the probable strength of the garrison, the boats 
withdrew, with the loss of only three men wounded. The 
affair was well managed by the officer in command." 

The bombardment was continued in a desultory sort 
of way until the 9th of November, when it was deemed 
proper to pay some of our attention to our neighbors in 
Charleston. On November 17th nineteen shells were 
thrown into the city from Cummings Point batteries, and 
the next day a loo-pounder Parrott on Battery Chatfield 
threw fourteen shells into Charleston. From this time 
on, during the winter and spring, this daily presentation 
of these souvenirs of our regard for " our friends " the 
enemy, in that lovely old Southern city, was almost con- 
tinuously — if not religiously — observed. The use of 
100-pound shells was found to be rather extravagant, and 
that a 30-pounder Parrott would convey an expression of 
our regard just as well with a much smaller expenditure 
of powder; so a couple of these guns were adopted as the 
standard messenger senders. It was necessary to give 
them an elevation of from forty to forty-five degrees to 
reach the city. One of these 30-pounders was thus fired 
4615 times, exploding, with its last shot, on March 19. 
1864. 



147 



CHAPTER XXIII. 

RE-ENLISTMENT VARIOUS EXPEDITIONS. 

About the first of January, 1864, a considerable num- 
ber of the Fifty-second Pennsylvania re-enlisted for an- 
other term of " three years or during the war." This 
was done in accordance with an Act of Congress (a joint 
resolution approved December 23, 1863) which permitted 
all volunteer soldiers who had served two years or more 
to receive the benefits of the act by re-enlisting. The 
benefits were the cancellation of the balance of their first 
three years' enlistment, a bounty of $400, and a thirty 
days' furlough home with transportation. Those who 
complied with the provisions of this act were termed 
" veteran volunteers " and were so carried on the muster- 
rolls and the pay-rolls of the War Department. Offi- 
cially there are no " veterans " recognized among the 
volunteers of 1861 to 1865 except those who thus re- 
enlisted. The exact number that re-enlisted in the Fifty- 
second Pennsylvania is not stated here, for the reason 
that in some cases the company clerk or sergeant who 
made out the muster-out rolls failed to note the fact that 
the soldier was a " vet." There were about one hundred 
and twenty-five in all who thus extended their terms of 
service. This detachment of " veterans," in charge of 
Colonel Henry M. Hoyt and Adjutant Henry A. Mott, 
were taken by transport to Hilton Head, from there to 
New York by the steamship " Arago." and thence by 
D. L. & W. R. R. to Scranton, Pa. At this point they 
dispersed in various directions to enjoy a visit or " vaca- 
tion " at home. When the time was up — the latter part 
of Februar)^ — they again concentrated at Scranton and 

148 




HENRY A. MOTT 

First Lieutenant Company K, afterwards Adjutant Fifty-second ReKiment 
Pennsylvania Volunteers. 



Pennsylvania Volunteers 

returned the same route they came, rejoining the regi- 
ment on Morris Island, S. C. 

During the winter of 1863-64 expeditions were sent 
out in various directions, — one to Johns Island, one to 
Kiowa Island, and one to Bull's Bay. The troops on 
Morris Island were by no means idle. Colonel Davis 
says : " No portion of the army during that winter per- 
formed more labor than the troops stationed on Morris 
Island. The force was inadequate to the duty to be done, 
and it was of that kind from which no glory could be 
gained. After the re-enlisted veterans had gone home 
and the other regiments left that had been ordered away, 
the garrison was reduced to less than fifteen hundred men 
for duty, one-half of which were conscripts and substi- 
tutes lately arrived. Five hundred men were sent to the 
front every night, which with the usual camp guard and 
other necessary details placed about one-half the entire 
garrison on duty at a time. Often the same men went 
to the front two nights in succession. Then the fatigue 
duty was still very heavy, and the men seemed to be con- 
stantly changing from the rifle to the shovel all winter. 
Several hundred were still daily employed on the fortifi- 
cations." In March, 1864, the garrison was still further 
reduced by the withdrawal of the Ninth Maine and the 
One Hundredth New York, leaving the Fifty-second 
Pennsylvania and One Hundred and Fourth Pennsylvania 
with some artillery as the entire garrison. On March 
loth the re-enlisted veterans of the One Hundred and 
Fourth, one hundred and ten in number, left on their 
thirty-day furlough home. The Fifty-fourth Massachu- 
setts soon after arrived on the island, which increased the 
force temporarily. 

149 



The Fifty- Second Regiment 

On April 20th Colonel Davis was ordered to Hilton 
Head, and two days afterwards the Fifty-second and 
One Hundred and Fourth followed him there, where he 
had been placed in command of the Middle District, 
embracing the islands of Hilton Head, St. Helena, and 
Tybee, with Fort Pulaski. General Terry, with the 
Tenth Corps (so called), and the bulk of Gillmore's 
troops were sent north to be added to General Ben. But- 
ler's Army of the James, in Virginia. The Fifty-second 
Pennsylvania remained on duty at Hilton Head until 
the 13th of June, when it was ordered back to Folly 
Island. At this time it parted company with the One 
Hundred and Fourth Pennsylvania for good. These two 
regiments had been in the same brigade or command since 
November, 1861, a period of two and a half years, and 
the parting severed a great many warm personal friend- 
ships. On the 26th of April the Fifty-second found 
itself again on Morris Island, a familiar " tramping " 
ground, and the old tours of duty were resumed. 



ISO 



CHAPTER XXIV. 

ANOTHER ATTEMPT ON CHARLESTON. 

In June, 1864, General J. G. Foster, now in command 
of the Department, received orders from Washington to 
make an attack on Charleston as soon as his forces could 
be gotten ready. The attack was planned to be made 
from four different directions, — one, being from Morris 
Island by boats, to attack Fort Johnson; the second, be- 
ing a column under General Schimmelfennig, by way of 
the Stono, attacking the works near Secessionville, James 
Island ; the third, being a column of two brigades under 
General Hatch, to land on Seabrook Island, march across 
that and Johns Island, and approach Charleston from the 
south; the other, being a column composed of colored 
troops under General William Birney, to destroy the rail- 
road bridges between Charleston and Savannah. Neither 
of the four columns accomplished what they started out 
to do. General William Birney failed to reach the rail- 
road and destroy any of the bridges, and was relieved of 
command in consequence. General Hatch did not get 
any farther towards Charleston than Johns Island, and 
at no time had he more than partial possession of that 
island, although he had a force of three thousand infan- 
try, two four-gun batteries, and a squadron of cavalry. 
General Schimmelfennig, with his column on James 
Island, did not get much, if any, farther than General 
Terry did in his feigned attack the year before. The 
attack upon Fort Johnson by boat was made on the 
morning of July 3, 1864, by a portion of the Fifty-second 
Pennsylvania regiment under Colonel H. M. Hoyt, who 

151 



The Fifty- Second Regiment 

led the attack in place of Colonel Gurney, of the One 
Hundred and Twenty-seventh New York, then in com- 
mand of the forces on Morris Island, The latter officer 
preferred to look on from a safe position at Paine's 
dock on the j\Iorris Island shore. Colonel Hoyt, Lieu- 
tenant-Colonel John B. Conyngham, and four other offi- 
cers of the Fifty-second Pennsylvania, with one hundred 
and thirty- five men of the same regiment, being five boat- 
loads, and all that landed and took part in the gallant 
fight there made, were forced to give up the struggle for 
want of support, and became prisoners in the hands of 
the enemy. 

The force from Morris Island was composed of the 
Fifty-second Pennsylvania, the One Hundred and 
Twenty-seventh New York, and a detachment of the 
Third Rhode Island Artillery. It was arranged for this 
force to embark in small boats in the creek running 
through the marshes between Morris and James Islands. 
They were then to rendezvous at Paine's dock near the 
outlet of the creek into the inner harbor, and as soon as 
the tide permitted, during the night (July 2, 1864) to 
pull out and cross the harbor, landing on the beach be- 
tween Fort Johnson and Battery Simpkins, James Island. 
The Fifty-second in the advance was to pull directly for 
the beach six hundred yards in front of Fort Johnson, 
land, and assault the fort. The One Hundred and 
Twenty-seventh New York was to land at Battery Simp- 
kins, a half-mile nearer, and carry it. The Third Rhode 
Island Artillery was to take possession of, and turn upon 
the city, any guns found in the works. This bold under- 
taking could only be successful by being a surprise to the 
enemy. The harbor was at that time picketed by two 

152 



Pennsylvania Volunteers 

rebel rams and a line of picket boats, extending from 
Sumter to James Island on one side and Sullivan's Island 
on the other. The most formidable obstacle for the 
forces to overcome was a bar, extending from the beach 
in front of Simpkins to within a few hundred feet of 
Sumter. This bar was completely out of the water at 
low tide, and was only covered when the tide was three- 
quarters full. The time selected seemed unfortunate; 
for on the night for the movement, July 3d, it was dead 
low tide at one o'clock a.m., and there would not be suffi- 
cient water to pass the bar before 4 a.m., daylight, at 
that season. 

The regiment made very full preparations for this 
perilous enterprise. If the fort should be taken, it could 
only be held by strong re-enforcements. Its garrison 
was believed to consist of four hundred men. Could a 
landing once be effected, the rest seemed a work merely 
of dash and boldness. The Fifty-second Pennsylvania 
went out with the intention of taking the works and re- 
maining there; to that end it was furnished with several 
days' rations, entrenching tools, and other needed supplies. 
All day of the 2d of July preparations for the coming 
night work went solemnly but steadily on. The bar was 
carefully examined, if possibly it had a channel through it. 
Boats were put in order and boat crews organized. Sig- 
nals were agreed upon and minute instructions issued. 

All this was indeed indispensable, for no word of com- 
mand above a whisper could be uttered without betraying 
the movement. The expedition once fairly afloat must 
thenceforth proceed according to the prearranged scheme 
or fail. The night came at last, and the regiment fell in 
in front of its camp by boat crews. They silently wound 

153 



The Fifty- Second Regiment 

around the sand hills, down to the marsh where the fleet 
of boats was moored. One by one they were filled and 
shoved out to Paine's dock, the place of rendezvous. 
Before they reached the dock many of them grounded, for 
the tide was now at its lowest, and most crews only made 
progress by debarking in the muddy shoals of the inlet. 
At 2 o'clock A.M., the fleet was together and the tide 
turned. As it covered the shoals, the Fifty-second in 
advance, they moved out in single file and headed into 
the darkness for Fort Johnson. Either through ignor- 
ance or misconduct, the pilot, selected by Colonel Gur- 
ney from the One Hundred and Twenty-seventh New 
York, failed to find any passage over or around the bar. 
Daylight began to streak the east when the leading boat 
passed the bar, close under the slopes of Battery Simp- 
kins. Towering in the distance at looo yards frowned 
Fort Johnson. Steadily the boats pulled on. The look- 
out at Simpkins had, however, discovered the procession 
of boats filled with bluecoats. Discharging his musket 
he, with the rest of the pickets on duty, fled up the beach. 
It was an even race now between the boats and the rebel 
sentinels. Soon the guns in Fort Johnson opened, send- 
ing their shells hissing over the heads of the men now 
pulling for dear life. Discovery was no longer to be 
avoided. With a hearty cheer the six officers and one 
hundred and thirty-five men of the Fifty-second landed 
from the five leading boats at the designated points. 
Promptly forming, they charged a two-gun battery, 
mounting Brooke's rifled guns, and carried it handsomely. 
Fort Johnson was still four hundred yards in advance. 
The fire from the batteries and muskets of the fort had 
now grown hot, but there was no halt. The parapet was 

IS4 



Pennsylvania Volunteers 

reached and scaled, shots were exchanged, breast to breast 
over the crest, and the men of the Fifty-second jumped 
down into the works. The garrison were now fully 
aroused and at their posts. The long distance traversed 
had destroyed somewhat the impetus of the assault, and 
the assailants had become separated in the steep ascent 
to the fort. The assaulting party, now outnumbered, 
found itself without support, and a glance back revealed 
the appalling fact that through some mischance, a large 
number of our boats and not one of the One Hundred 
and Twenty-seventh New York had landed. The strug- 
gle was hopeless and retreat impossible. The entire 
party was, therefore, made prisoners of war, although the 
fort was fairly in their grasp. It had proved a complete 
surprise, and its very boldness bewildered the enemy. 

The casualties in the Fifty-second Pennsylvania were 
seven killed and sixteen wounded. Of the former was 
Lieutenant S. A. Bunyon, of Company E, acting adju- 
tant, and Sergeant George Scott, of Company D. 

" The boats," says General Foster, in orders, " com- 
manded by Colonel Hoyt, Lieutenant-Colonel Conyng- 
ham. Captain Camp, and Lieutenants Stevens and Evans, 
all of the Fifty-second Pennsylvania, rowed rapidly to 
the shore, and these officers, with Adjutant Bunyon 
(afterwards killed) and one hundred and thirty-five men, 
landed and drove the enemy; but, deserted by their sup- 
ports, were obliged to surrender to superior numbers. 
Colonel Hoyt bestows unqualified praise on the officers 
and men who landed with them; of these, seven were 
killed and sixteen wounded. They deserve great credit 
for their energy in urging their boats forward and brmg- 
ing them through the narrow channel; and the feeling 

iSS 



The Fifty- Second Regiment 

which led them to land at the head of their men was 
the prompting of a gallant spirit, which deserves to find 
more imitators." Of the men captured more than fifty 
perished amid the horrors of Andersonville, Florence, 
and Columbia. The officers were confined at Macon 
awhile and afterwards in Charleston, and while there 
placed under the fire of our batteries on Morris Island. 



iS6 



CHAPTER XXV. 

THE ASSAULT ON FORT JOHNSON. 

The following is Colonel Henry M. Hoyt's report 
in regard to the assault on Fort Johnson and Battery 
Simpkins : 

(Copy) 

No. 12. " Report of Col. Henry M. Hoyt, 52nd Pa. 
Infy., of assault on Fort Johnson and Batt'y Simpkins." 

Charleston Jail, August 2, 1864. 

On 3rd July we carried Fort Simkins, the Brooke Gun 
Batt'y, and with 135 men (all who landed) pushed over 
the parapets of Fort Johnson, and the garrison had ac- 
tually begun to leave. The battery (Tynes) was in our 
possession. Nothing but the failure of the other boats 
to land prevented our capture of the works. All who 
landed (five boat-loads), 135, were captured. I trust 
the most thorough investigation will be made, let the 
responsibility fall where it may. 

Henry M. Hoyt, Colonel 52nd Pa. Vols. 

Indorsement : 

August 5, 1864. Received by the hands of one of our 
released officers. Copy to be sent to General Schimmel- 
fennig. 

J. G. Foster, Major-General, Commanding. 

Head-Quarters 52nd Pa. Vol., 
Morris Island, S. C, August 21, 1864. 

Captain, — 

I beg leave to submit the following report of the opera- 
tions of the 52nd Pa. Vols, on Fort Johnson in Charleston 
Harbor, on the morning of 3rd July last. In pursuance 

157 



The Fifty- Second Regiment 

of orders of Col. Gurney, 127 N. Y. Vols., commanding 
U. S. Forces, Morris Island, S. C, the 52nd Pa. Vols, 
to the number of 500 officers and men embarked in twenty- 
barges on the evening of 2nd July and moved to Paine' s 
Dock, the appointed rendezvous, arriving there somewhat 
before 12 midnight. We were immediately joined by 
the other forces composing the expedition, to wit — 60 
officers and men of the 3rd Rhode Is!and Artillery under 
Capt. Churchill, and the 127th N. Y. Vols, under com- 
mand of Major Little of that Regt. At a few minutes 
past I A. M., the moment the tide (which had been at dead 
low water) turned, the fleet of boats moved for its desti- 
nation, under the instructions, in the order, and for the 
purpose following: All these instructions and orders had 
been fully, carefully, and repeatedly explained and com- 
municated to the officers and men in the affair to an ex- 
tent to render misconception impossible. We were to 
move across Charleston Harbor, land on the beach be- 
tween Fort Johnson and Battery Simkins. assault and 
carry the works on the east end of James Island, the 
attack on Fort Johnson being assigned to the 52nd Pa. 
Vols., that on Simkins to the 127th N. Y. Vols., the artil- 
lery detachment being divided between them both. The 
boats were to move across the Harbor with the 52nd Pa. 
Vols, in advance, followed by the 3rd Rhode Island Ar- 
tillery, and the 127th N. Y. Vols, in single file, well closed 
up, expecting to cross the Bar at a point midway between 
Forts Sumter and Simkins, head for Johnson's point, face 
by the left flank, and move vigorously to the beach and 
carry the works with the bayonet. A pilot (one Sergeant 
Bennett of Co. E, 127th N. Y. Vols.) who was selected 
by Col. Gurney to conduct us was placed in the leading 
boat commanded by ist Lieut. Farr, 52nd Pa. Vols. Col. 
Gurney announced his intention of making his own Head 
Quarters at Paine's Dock, and ordered an officer of his 
staff (name unknown to me) to report with a light dis- 
patch-boat to myself, then to be the Senior Officer in the 
movement across the Harbor and the expected assault. 

158 



Pennsylvania Volunteers 

This officer did not report to me. But one signal of re- 
treat, should such possibly be ordered, was agreed upon, 
and this was to be made upon a bugle, which was in my 
possession. With these plain and minute instructions, 
which were understood by everybody afloat, we moved 
from Paine's Dock the instant the tide turned. The head 
of the column properly followed, proceeded in the proper 
direction. I am aware of no delay which occurred except 
such as were necessarily caused by the pilot in his attempts 
to find and keep the channel he sought. Upon arriving 
at the Bar, extending from Simkins to Fort Sumter, the 
great obstacle we had to encounter, it was found still 
to be out of water — the tide at about a quarter full. The 
pilot in the leading boat announced his utter inability to 
find any channel through the bar, and declined to pro- 
ceed, and had clearly struck it at a point very far distant 
from the contemplated passage. I know not whether 
to attribute the actions of this pilot to ignorance or de- 
liberate misconduct. By this failure, though without 
personal knowledge of the locality, I was driven to my 
own responsibility and my own efforts to pass that Bar. 
During the delay which occurred here, the barges had all 
closed well up on each other, and the expedition was 
substantially together and well in hand. We were then 
lying close to the marsh in front of Simkins and not more 
than i,ooo yards from Fort Johnson, the general direc- 
tion of which was evident enough. Accident put us 
at once in possession of a practicable passage close to this 
marsh — deep, but only admitting one boat at a time, and 
speedily opening into a much wider expanse. Not more 
than ten minutes elapsed after the refusal of the pilot 
to proceed before the whole expedition was under orders, 
advancing with the utmost dispatch, and promptly filing 
through the channel. From this point there was no 
obstacle to encounter except the enemy. It was becoming 
daylight and the designated point of landing was in view. 
The first gun was fired as the leading boat rounded a 
small sand-spit running out from Simkins toward the 

159 



The Fifty- Second Regiment 

Brooke Gun Battery, and about lOO yards from it. I am 
persuaded, after the most thorough subsequent investiga- 
tion, aside from my personal knowledge at the time, that 
when this shot was fired all the boats of the 52nd Pa. 
Vols, with two exceptions, and the boats of the 3rd Rhode 
Island Heavy Artillery had passed the Bar and were in 
good water. The distance between that Bar and the 
leading boat did not exceed 600 yards. Hereupon can- 
nonading and musketry were opened upon us from 
Simkins along the beach and from Fort Johnson with 
considerable rapidity, but entirely over our heads. A 
landing was immediately and successfully effected by the 
leading boats at the Brooke Gun Battery, which was read- 
ily carried, and no halt whatever occurred at it. Five 
boats were now ashore, being those commanded by Lt. 
Col. Conyngham, Capt. T. B. Camp, ist Lt. J. G. 
Stephens, and Lt. T. E. Evans, with my own, which 
besides the crew carried Acting Adjutant Bunyan, a 
Bugler, and a Signal Sergeant, being a total of 6 officers 
and 135 men, all of the 52nd Pa. Vols. It was now 
apparent that not only were no other boats landing but 
that the entire expedition were retreating in the boats, 
not only without orders, but in disobedience to the most 
explicit orders to the contrary. Neither then nor since 
have I been able to arrive at any satisfactory knowledge 
of the causes and facts connected with their failure to 
land. So much of the expedition as disembarked pushed 
with all the vigor possible upon Fort Johnson and its con- 
nected line of higher earthen parapets. The parapet was 
entered near the main Fort with a brisk movement of 
about 30 of the advance who exchanged shots within the 
work but were compelled to retire. The whole of our 
force was then conducted along the entire line from the 
Rebel left to the right, with repeated efforts to enter it, 
until at the extreme right another assault was attempted. 
It was only partially successful and resulted in the capture 
of the most of the troops who joined in the attempt. At 
this time my forces were largely outnumbered ; the con- 

160 



Pennsylvania Volunteers 

troversy was prolonged some little time, but in a feeble 
and desultory manner, and the undertaking was of neces- 
sity abandoned. The entire party were taken prisoners. 
I am persuaded that at the time of our landing the num- 
ber of the enemy in the work did not exceed 150, nor dur- 
ing the pendency of our attempts to enter and hold the 
works did their numbers increase by reinforcements which 
were near at hand to more than 300. I beg leave to 
speak in terms of unqualified praise of the conduct of the 
officers whose names I have mentioned above and the 
men who landed, both in their resolute manner of bring- 
ing their boats ashore and the gallantry with which, 
under a most disheartening want of support, they charged 
a formidable line of forts and earthworks even under 
severe fire of musketry, grape, and canister, and the 
tenacity with which they continued an evidently hopeless 
struggle. The casualties on shore were — killed 7; 
wounded 16; total 23. 

I have deemed it my duty to give many minute particu- 
lars of facts which occurred and make this report a 
very detailed one. 

Very respectfully submitted, 

Henry M. Hoyt, 
Col. 52nd Pa. Vols. 
Capt. R. H. L. Jewett, 
A.A.A.G., U. S. Forces, Morris Island, S. C. 

The following extracts from other reports of this 
engagement, both Union and Confederate, are interesting 
additions to the record: 

Extract from Report of Major E. H. Little, One Hun- 
dred and Twenty-seventh New York Volunteers : " If 
the proper spirit had been shown, if the efforts of the 
colonel and lieutenant-colonel of the Fifty-second Penn- 
sylvania Volunteers had been properly supported, I think 
the movement would have been a success." 
II 161 



The Fifty- Second Regiment 

Extract from Report of W. L. M. Burger, assistant 
adjutant-general, to Major-General J. G. Foster: 
" Colonel Hoyt himself deserves great credit for his 
energy in urging the boats forward and bringing them 
through the narrow channel, and the feeling which led 
him to land at the head of his men was the prompting of 
a gallant spirit which deserved to find more imitators." 

Extract of Report by Major-General Sam Jones, com- 
manding, to General Sam Cooper, C.S.A.. Assistant In- 
spector General, Richmond, Va. : " At day dawn on the 
3d, about 1000 of the enemy in barges made an attack 
on Fort Johnson. They were handsomely and thor- 
oughly repulsed by the garrison at Fort Johnson under 
Lieutenant-Colonel Yates, First South Carolina Artillery, 
with the loss to the enemy of 140 men, including a colonel 
and 5 other commissioned officers captured and many 
wounded." 

The failure of this attempt, so daring in its conception 
and so disastrous in its results, cast a gloom over the 
regiment for a long time. The report of Colonel Hoyt 
and the extracts of other reports give the main facts con- 
nected with the affair. The attempt at this late day to 
fix the responsibility for its failure would be incon- 
clusive and fruitless. It is certain that none of the troops 
except the Fifty-second Pennsylvania took any part in 
the fighting. Also that Boat No. i, in which was the 
guide and pilot of the expedition, — one Sergeant Robert 
Bennett, of the One Hundred and Twenty-seventh New 
York, who was selected by Colonel Gurney himself, — 
failed to get to the beach on the enemy's side, and brought 
the bold navigator unharmed back to Paine's dock, where 
his commander was no doubt anxiously awaiting dis- 

162 



Pennsylvania Volunteers 

patches from the fleet of boats he had so vaHantly ordered 
across the harbor. A mix-up of boats by some of them 
getting aground crossing a sand- and mud-bar, which it 
is claimed might have been avoided had the guide been 
selected from the Fifty-second, is the generally accepted 
reason for the other boats not " getting there." 

The Fifty-second had a guide, had he been selected, 
who no doubt could and would have piloted the procession 
of boats over a navigable route to point of destination, 
and landed ivith them. (The other guide did neither.) 
That man, William Scott, at that time corporal of Com- 
pany K, Fifty-second Pennsylvania, is now living in Bing- 
hamton. New York. He was one of the trusted pilots 
of the " boat infantry " under Captain Hennessy when 
that doughty and courageous little officer was in com- 
mand of that branch of the service. In a letter to the 
writer he says : " When Colonel Hoyt formed his plans 
I was called to his quarters, and he questioned me in 
regard to channels, bars, distances, etc., and conditions 
on the landing side ; for he knew I was familiar with the 
harbor, and that some time previous, when General Terry 
was considering an attack on James Island by way of 
Simpkins, I had been sent over and spent twenty-four 
hours on the island with instructions to find out all I 
could about the place. I moved about and learned all I 
could under cover of darkness, but during the day lay in 
close proximity to Battery Simpkins hidden in the grass. 
I could not stand or sit up, for fear of being discovered. 
My armament was two revolvers and a canteen of 
whiskey — the latter to be used to mollify the feelings 
and soften the heart of any stray rebel picket who might 
accidentally stumble on my place of concealment. An 

163 



The Fifty- Second Regiment 

officer of General Terry's staff had a powerful field-glass 
mounted on a tripod at Paine's dock pointed to the spot 
where I was supposed to be hidden, and thus a watchful 
eye was kept upon me all day. At night Captain Hen- 
nessy came with his boat to take me back, and his low 
whistle — the signal agreed upon — was a welcome sound 
to my ears. My sole duty was to scout the harbor, 
going out at the same hour every night, thus gaining in- 
formation in regard to the channels, bars, etc., probably 
not possessed by any other man in the boat infantry. 
The bar, which caused so much trouble on the night of 
the attack, w^as bare at low tide, and Captain Hennessy 
and myself had several times walked over it and to the 
end of it, from which point we would fire at the enemy's 
sentinels showing so plainly on the sky line of the parapet 
of Sumter. Hennessy called this ' having a circus,' as 
it caused great excitement in the fort, causing the long 
roll or call to arms to be sounded." 

The " Boat Infantry," as it was called, was a detach- 
ment detailed to picket the harbor approaches to Morris 
Island at night in boats. The line of picket-boats was 
thrown out every night some distance from shore, extend- 
ing around Cummings Point between the island and Fort 
Sumter, and for a considerable distance toward James 
Island. The boats when thrown out were anchored at 
the places selected for their night's tour of duty, where 
they remained until nearly daylight next morning, then 
returning to the rendezvous at Paine's dock, the encamp- 
ment of the detachment being near the " Left Batteries." 
An officer of the force made the " grand rounds " several 
times during the night in a boat on the bow of which a 
small brass howitzer was pivoted. All these boats were 

164 



Pennsylvania Volunteers 

manned by soldiers experienced with the use of oars as 
well as muskets, the complement being six oarsmen and 
six guards each. This branch of the service was very 
important, and the duty of the men ver}^ trying, as they 
could not march back and forth for exercise like guards 
on shore, be the night ever so cold, wet, and dreary. 



i6s 



CHAPTER XXVI. 

THREE- YEAR MEN (NOT RE-ENLISTED ) MUSTERED OUT. 

On the 4th of November the term of service — three 
years — of a large number of the regiment expired, and 
they v^ere mustered out. (See roster for names.) A 
number of the officers were also at this time mustered 
out, to wit: Colonel H. M. Hoyt, Major Thos. B. Jayne, 
Captain W. S. Chatham, Company C, and First Lieuten- 
ant Tim. Mahoney, Company G. 

During the winter following a portion of the regiment 
was on duty on Black Island. About the first of De- 
cember an expedition under General Hatch destroyed 
three miles of railroad and the railroad bridge at Poco- 
taligo between Charleston and Savannah. A portion of 
the regiment took part in this expedition. Corporal M. 
D. Fuller, of Company H, made quite a record on this 
raid as commander of a " mosquito battery." He is one 
of our " survivors," and for many years has been a 
prominent minister of the M. E. Church in the Wyoming 
conference. He went out with his company in 1861, 
re-enlisted as a " veteran volunteer " in January, 1864, 
and was mustered out with the regiment as sergeant on 
July 12, 1865, after a continuous service of nearly four 
years, most creditably performed. On January 27, 1865, 
some more of the officers of the regiment, having served 
three years and over, were at their own request mustered 
out, — namely, Captain J. B. Fish, Company H, Captain 
N. Pierson, Company G, First Lieutenant Burton K. Gus- 
tin, Company F, Second Lieutenant Alson Secor, Com- 
pany F. 

166 



I 




LIEUTEXANT-COLOXEL JOHX A. HEWESSY 
Fifty-second Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers. 
Brevet Brigadier-General United States Volunteers. 



Pennsylvania Volunteers 

On the night of January 19th Captain Hennessy, with 
his characteristic activity, got up a " circus " in the har- 
bor with his howitzer boat, frightening the captain and 
crew of a rebel steamer so much that she ran aground 
near Sumter, where our batteries next morning destroyed 
her. For this and other services he received the com- 
mendation of the commanding general in the following 
order : 

"Head-quarters Northern District, Department of the South, 
First Separate Brigade, 

Morris Island, S. C, January 30, 1865. 

General Orders 

No. 2. , 1 r- * • 

The Brigadier-General Commandmg thanks <-aptain 

John A. Hennessy, 52d Regiment Pa. Vols., and the 

officers and the men of his command, for their energetic 

and efficient service in Charleston Harbor during the past 

^The Brigadier-General especially commends the bold 
and spirited enterprise of the night of January 19th, 
bv which a rebel steamer was driven aground near l^ort 
Sumter, in a position which enabled our Batteries to 

destroy her. 

By order of 
Brig.-Gen'l A. Schimmelfennig. 

J. W. Dickinson, 
Capt. & Ac't Ass't Adj't Gen. 

On February 5th Captain Hennessy received his com- 
mission as major of the Fifty-second Regiment Pennsyl- 
vania Volunteers and took command, as Colonel John B. 
Conyngham had not yet returned to the regiment from 
his long confinement in Southern prisons. On February 

167 



The Fifty- Second Regiment 

17th Sherman's army reached Columbia, the capital of 
South Carolina, and there was immediately noticeable 
activity among the enemy's fortifications around the har- 
bor and in the city of Charleston. At that time we were 
of course ignorant of the progress made by General Sher- 
man, but it was surmised that there was something un- 
usual and important transpiring. Things were being 
done that could have no other explanation than that the 
enemy were cleaning house in preparation for " moving 
out." The following description of what transpired and 
of the Fifty-second's entry into the "doomed" city will 
be read with interest by the survivors and their relatives 
and friends. We sincerely regret that the writer, who 
met with the " Survivors' Association " for so many 
years after its organization, has dropped from the ranks 
of his comrades by death, and it is a satisfaction to be 
able to include in this history the narrative of our occu- 
pation of the city of Charleston, as a remembrance of him 
who wrote it. 



168 



CHAPTER XXVII. 

ENTERING CHARLESTON. 

Comrade R. W. Bannatyne, — who served with dis- 
tinction in the Fifty-second Regiment as a sergeant, Heu- 
tenant, and captain of Company B, — in a letter to the 
National Tribune some time ago, gave a graphic descrip- 
tion of the entry of the regiment into Charleston. The 
letter is as follows : 

" On the 17th day of February, 1865, I was detailed as 
field officer of the day at Morris Island, S. C, and went 
to the front with the guard about 5 p.m. ; left my horse 
at Fort Strong, and went the rounds of the fortifications 
to see that the guards were properly posted. 

" On my return to Fort Strong in the evening, Signal 
Sergeant Colvin remarked that he believed the enemy 
were about to move. There had been heavy cannonading 
during the night before, ceasing about 3 a.m. ; and at 
that time fires could be seen at different places in Charles- 
ton, and explosions were heard, while vessels in the har- 
bor could be seen on fire. 

Col. A. G. Bennett, who was in command on Morris 
Island, came to Fort Strong early in the next morning, 
and I asked him to relieve me from duty so that I could 
return to my regiment, as I felt fully confident that the 
enemy was about to leave the fortifications about Charles- 
ton, that we had been looking at in a covetous way since 
July 10, 1863. 

" After a little delay my request was granted, and, 
returning to camp, I found a sergeant of one of the out- 

i6g 



The Fifty- Second Regiment 

posts on the marsh nearest to James Island was at head- 
quarters of the regiment, and reported the enemy falhng 
back from their outposts, and that he had been trying 
to call the regimental commander. I went into head- 
quarters and found Lieut.-Col. Hennessy sound asleep, 
roused him up, and told him that the enemy was leaving 
his fortifications. He then gave orders for the regiment 
to get ready and march to the boats at the dock. One 
of the boats was known as the ' Ripley,' named after 
Gen. Ripley, of the Confederate army, who was after- 
ward captured by us. This boat was used by Major Hen- 
nessy, with a picked crew of lo oarsmen. 

" The 52d Pa. at this time was doing duty as boat 
infantry, and had 41 or 42 boats of all kinds and descrip- 
tions, and the camp was on the west or harbor side of the 
island. There were no boats on our side of the island 
except our own. 

" Col. Bennett says that the regiments were under 
orders to be ready, but the first order we received was 
after we zvere marching to the boats. When the men 
took their places we were soon going toward the harbor, 
with Major Hennessy ahead. Coming out of the narrow- 
channel into the harbor at what was then known as 
Paine's dock, our course would bring us to the north point 
of the island, at Fort Gregg, where we were ordered to 
report; but part of the boats did not report there. 

" The last of the regiment was passing Paine's dock 
not later than 9:50 a.m., and Major Hennessv wa.? then 
going directly past Fort Gregg to Fort Sumter, 1440 
yards distant, and his zvas the first boat to reach that 
fort and display the flag of the regiment on its parapet. 

" Corporal Johnson, Co. G, was the first man to land, 

170 



Pennsylvania Volunteers 

followed by Major Hennessy and Lieut. Burr. As the 
boats passed Fort Gregg, Col. Bennett was standing on 
the beach with 30 or 40 men. Col. Bennett asked Hen- 
nessy where he was going. The reply was, ' To Fort 
Sumter; will you go along? ' The answer came, ' No.' 
Major Hennessy and his men were in the fort from 10 to 
20 minutes, and then Col. Bennett and Lieut. Haviland 
started with a boat towards the city. Major Hennessy 
starting from Fort Sumter. At Fort Gregg the boats 
of the regiment that landed took in men of the 3d R. L 
H. A., and Co. B's boat took in some men of the 3d, with 
orders from Capt. Jenks, of Col. Bennett's staff, to place 
them in Fort Sumter as a garrison. 

" Col. Bennett and Major Hennessy were then going 
up the harbor toward the city. Col. Bennett called to 
Hennessy to wait, and he then got into Hennessy's boat, 
which landed at Fort Ripley, Lieut. Haviland's boat pull- 
ing for Castle Pinckney. Lieut. Haviland and Corporal 
Johnson both ran for a large Confederate flag that was 
flying. Lieut. Haviland pulled down the flag, but Cor- 
poral Johnson with his knife cut the rope and got away 
with the flag to Hennessy's boat, and then both boats 
pulled for the city, Hennessy's boat reaching the dock 
first, and Johnson being the first man ashore in the city. 

" Lieut. Runyon, Co. G, commanded the third boat 
that landed. Corp'l Thomas W. Evans, Co. B, was with 
Runyon and was sent with some men after horses for 
use at head-quarters. 

" The boat infantry flag was flying on the post-oflice 
before 11 a.m. Co. B, landing a few moments after, 
found Lieut. Burr, with orders to march to the citadel. 

" Just as we landed several of the Confederate iron- 

171 



The Fifty- Second Regiment 

dads in the harbor were blown up, with loud reports. 
The streets were crowded with contrabands anxious to 
see the army. We stayed at the citadel but a short time, 
and were then ordered to the armory, which was reported 
on fire, but this proved to be a false alarm. We saw no 
men in the city except Col. Bennett and staff and Major 
Hennessy of the 52d Pa. and detachments of the 3d R. I. 
In the afternoon the 21st U. S. C. T. and other regiments 
began to arrive, coming by way of James Island, and fer- 
ried over to the city. 

" Lieut. Gilchrist was early in the city, and was sent 
to take possession of a blockade runner that was near 
the wharf with a valuable cargo. She had been set on 
fire, but the fire was put out. In the course of the after- 
noon the city was under control, and guards were sent 
to the railroad depots and rice mills. 

" Admiral Dahlgren arrived at 3 p.m. at the dock, and 
was met by Corp'l Evans with horses, and he was sur- 
prised that the Department Commander was not there. 
The British Consul came to the citadel shortly after we 
arrived, and wanted to see the commanding officer; but 
the boys did not seem to show him as much respect as he 
thought he was entitled to. The city was on fire at 
different places, and the firemen were afraid to come out 
and work until we protected them by patrols on the 
streets to keep order. I notice Lieut. Haviland in his 
statement says the firing on the city was done from the 
' Swamp Angel ' battery and from rifled guns on Fort 
Putnam. The ' Swamp Angel ' had been dismounted 
early in the siege. Fort Putnam, known as Battery Chat- 
field, faced Sullivan's Island. Fort Gregg was the near- 
est point to the city, and did most of the firing on the city, 

172 



Pennsylvania Volunteers 

principally from a thirty-pounder Parrott, at about four 
miles range. 

" Paine's Dock, which was in front of the north point 
of Morris Island, may be remembered as the Confederate 
floating battery that was built at the commencement of 
the war and had been abandoned, and the high tides had 
carried it down on the marsh, where it made a station 
for our picket lines near the mouth of Light-house River. 
While we were going to the city, and some time after 
Major Hennessy had left the fort, another boat's crew 
landed and hoisted a flag on the parapet of Fort Sumter." 



T73 



CHAPTER XXVIII. 

OCCUPYING THE FORTIFICATIONS. 

When the city was in our possession, the enemy's 
works on James Island and other fortifications around 
the harbor were taken possession of also by details from 
the various regiments. Company H and Company F 
of the Fifty-second Pennsylvania occupied the Citizen 
Battery and the " Bull of the Woods " on James Island. 

The Fifty-second Regiment, after a few days' occu- 
pation of the city, was marched out to the race-course, 
about three miles in the suburbs west of the town, where 
it bivouacked until the camp equipage was brought up 
from Morris Island. From this point a movement was 
made in the direction of Sherman's line of march, in 
which the Fifty-second Pennsylvania took an active part. 
The force, only two regiments, went out about thirty 
miles, where, at Monk's Corners, it had a brush with a 
small force of the enemy. After driving them across 
the Santee Canal, the chase was abandoned, and the 
troops returned to Charleston on February 27th. On 
March ist the regiment moved to Mt. Pleasant, a nice 
little residence place on the north side of Charleston Har- 
bor about two or three miles west of Sullivan's Island 
on which stands Fort Moultrie. There were a number 
of handsome places here that had been vacated by the 
owners, who had fled away when we entered Charleston 
and taken refuge at Cheraw, near the North Carolina 
line, on the Great Pee Dee River. They had left P. D. 
quick, and much of their household goods and furniture 
remained. Nearly the whole regiment found quarters 

174 



Pennsylvania Volunteers 

in various buildings. Companies H and C took up their 
abode in the spacious ball-room of the Mount Pleasant 
House. The Quartermaster and Commissary Depart- 
ment found quarters in a house occupied by a Frenchman, 
who had been engineer of a blockade-runner, now out of 
a job and apparently out of provisions. A very satis- 
factory arrangement was entered into, whereby the Com- 
missary furnished the provisions, the family did the 
cooking, furnished and waited on the table, and made 
the beds. The Quartermaster Department furnished a 
fine piano, bringing it from one of the deserted man- 
sions near-by, and the young ladies furnished the accom- 
paniments and vocal music to make life pleasant. It was 
a wonderful change from the many weary months we had 
spent on the desert sands of Morris Island; but, alas, 
all too brief were its pleasures! On March 17th the 
Fifty-second Pennsylvania was rudely ordered away from 
this pleasant Mount Pleasant, and, taking transports, was 
landed a few days thereafter at Newberne, N, C. Here 
the old Fifty-second was incorporated into the Twenty- 
third Army Corps, which had been brought east by rail 
from Tennessee to Annapolis, Md., and sent down to 
North Carolina to augment Sherman's forces for the 
final " round-up " of the Confederacy. 



175 



CHAPTER XXIX. 

WITH Sherman's army. 

The Tenth Corps, commanded by General A. H. Terry, 
under whom our regiment had served on James and 
Morris Islands in South Carolina, was on the move from 
Wilmington towards Goldsboro. Schofield with the 
Twenty-third Corps occupied the latter place on the even- 
ing of March 21st, and Terry's command came in on the 
22d, crossing the Neuse River from the south on a pon- 
toon bridge, which they laid at Cox's Ferry. Sherman's 
army also made its appearance on this day, coming over 
the river on the same bridge. The left wing of his army, 
under General H. W. Slocum, had been attacked by 
all the Confederate forces General Joe Johnston could 
concentrate against him, at Bentonville, on the 19th, and 
a hotly contested engagement had taken place there. 
Johnston's forces amounted to about twenty-five thou- 
sand, with which he attempted to " do up " the left wing 
of Sherman's army before the right wing could be 
brought up. The Fourteenth Corps was struck heavily 
by Hardee and Hoke, and its leading division — Carlin's — 
was driven back the same as Casey's was at Fair Oaks. 
The Fourteenth Corps withstood the shock of repeated 
furious charges during the day, supported by the Twen- 
tieth Corps, which had been brought up on the left. The 
enemy, failing to destroy the left wing in detail, fell back 
behind his intrenchments on Mill Creek, which were held 
until Sherman's right wing came up on the 21st. That 
night Johnston retired towards Smithfield, destroying the 
bridges behind him. 

176 



Pennsylvania Volunteers 

Sherman's army, concentrated at and around Golds- 
boro, was increased here by about twenty-five thousand 
troops, being the Twenty-third Corps and Terry's com- 
mand called the Tenth Corps. These two corps 
were combined as the " Army of the Ohio " and given 
the position of " centre " of Sherman's army, the " right," 
or " Army of the Tennessee," under General O. O. How- 
ard, and the left, called the " Army of Georgia," under 
General Henry W. Slocum, making three grand divisions. 
General J. M. Schofield, who had been in command of 
the Twenty-third Corps, was put at the head of the 
" Army of the Ohio," and General J. D. Cox succeeded 
him as commander of the corps. The Fifty-second 
Pennsylvania was given a place in the First Brigade of 
the Second Division of this corps. The division was 
commanded by General T. H. Ruger, and the brigade by 
Colonel O. H. Moore. The latter was colonel of the 
Twenty-fifth Michigan, one of the regiments of the bri- 
gade. On the 9th of April Colonel John B. Conyngham 
arrived in camp and took command of the regiment. He 
had been absent since the night of July 3, 1864, when 
he was captured wnth Colonel Hoyt while gallantly lead- 
ing their men against Fort Johnson in Charleston Har- 
bor. He was looking fine, and the officers and men were 
greatly pleased to have him once more in the saddle at 
their head. 



12 177 



CHAPTER XXX. 

MARCHING THROUGH NORTH CAROLINA. 

The next day, April loth, orders were issued for 
the advance of the army, and the final march was begun. 
Everything in the shape of camp equipage not actually 
necessary for campaigning was left at Goldsboro, and 
the troops started off almost in " light marching order." 
The first day's march was through the " piny woods," 
where tar and pitch and turpentine were made. That 
night the camp was in a piece of pine woods where a 
plant was located for the manufacture of these so-called 
naval stores. In the morning, after the coffee and hard 
tack were disposed of, fire was started in the pitch that 
encrusted the ground for some distance around the old 
works, making a bonfire that sent a pillar of black smoke 
high in the air, which could be seen during the whole 
day's march by looking back when there was a halt. 
The march through Smithfield, where the Neuse River 
was crossed on a pontoon bridge, and on to Raleigh, the 
capital of the State, was rapid, hot, and dusty. The men, 
however, did not grumble; they were glad to be freed 
from their long tour of sen-ice on the seaboard, and once 
more " marching on " with a great army. It was indeed 
soul-inspiring and heart-strengthening, this new environ- 
ment, and the prospect of very soon ending the great re- 
bellion, putting new life and vim into the hearts and limbs 
of the Fifty-second boys. It was like getting out of 
enforced confinement to them, and it surely was to 
Colonel Conyngham, who so proudly led them onward. 
While on the march and before reaching Raleigh, a 

178 



Pennsylvania Volunteers 

man on a galloping horse passed along the line, swinging 
his hat and yelling to the troops, " Lee has surrendered 
to Grant — his whole army ! " and went dashing on, re- 
peating the glad news to every regiment on the road. A 
halt was made, cheers followed the announcement all 
along the line, and, when the truth was fully realized, 
pandemonium broke loose. No attempt to keep order or 
restrain the outburst of rejoicing was made. The officers 
were as wild as the men, joining with them in singing 
" Glory, glory, hallelujah! " and mounting stumps by the 
roadside to make speeches, then, swinging their hats, 
calling "three cheers for old Grant — God bless him!" 
and " three more for ' Uncle Billy ' Sherman ! " It was 
fully a half-hour before the troops, with their throats 
dry from yelling, shouting, and singing, again shouldered 
their muskets and continued the march. They had 
started out from Goldsboro with confident hopes of ulti- 
mate victory. Now they knew it was surely coming, 
and went gayly on with light feet, willing hearts, and 
ready hands to complete the work. 

On the morning of April 13th Sherman's advance en- 
tered Raleigh. He pushed on with the cavalry towards 
Durham Station, followed by the right wing following 
the railroad, while the left wing swung away towards 
Ashboro to prevent Johnston retreating south. The 
" Army of the Ohio " took an intermediate route, leaving 
a considerable force at Raleigh to protect communications 
and be reserve for the right and left wings. 

On April 15th Johnston was ready to throw up the 
sponge. Accordingly he made overtures to Sherman and 
arranged to meet him the next day five miles beyond 
Durham Station on the Hillsboro road to negotiate terms 

179 



The Fifty- Second Regiment 

of surrender. A cessation of hostilities took place, and 
three days were spent in conferences between the two 
commanders. On April 19th it was announced that the 
terms had been agreed upon. It transpired afterwards 
that these terms were made subject to the approval of the 
authorities at Washington, and that they did not meet 
with approval there because they included some stipu- 
lations of a political nature not considered within the 
province of a military commander. To settle the diffi- 
culty General Grant came quietly to Raleigh by way of 
Moorehead City and Goldsboro, held a conference with 
Sherman, and instructed him that the government would 
approve only the same terms given to Lee at Appomat- 
tox. On April 26th Shennan had another conference 
with Johnston, who accepted the terms given to the 
Army of Northern Virginia, — and the war was over. 
General Grant had remained quietly in Raleigh during 
the final negotiations, only a few at head-quarters having 
any knowledge of his presence, and on the 27th left on 
his return. General Schofield was charged with the 
details of the surrender, which was completed at Greens- 
boro, where the army under Johnston stacked their arms, 
packed their artillery, and dispersed in various direc- 
tions for their homes. 

While the Fifty-second was encamped at Greensboro 
the news of President Lincoln's assassination was an- 
nounced. General Sherman had been advised of the fact 
at Raleigh, but had suppressed it, fearing the indignation 
of his soldiers would result in the capital of North 
Carolina being treated as harshly as was Columbia, S. C. 
The feeling that the war was over, and that this great 
sacrifice v/as the crowning cost of victory, pervaded the 

180 



Pennsylvania Volunteers 

minds of the men, and no outbreak, beyond their smoth- 
ered imprecations, took place. Some of the most prom- 
inent citizens expressed their abhorrence of the dastardly 
deed, and said that in Lincoln's death the South had lost 
the one great man upon whom they had depended for 
their future welfare. 

After the completion of the details of the surrender 
and the dispersion of Johnston's army, four corps of 
Sherman's army— the Fourteenth, Fifteenth, Seven- 
teenth, and Twentieth — started on their way to Wash- 
ington, D. C, there to take part in the " Grand Review," 
and thence to their home States for muster-out. 



x8i 



CHAPTER XXXI. 

AT SALISBURY, N. C. 

The Fifty-second Pennsylvania, with the other 
regiments of the brigade, had marched from Raleigh by 
way of Chapel Hill and Graham, to Greensboro, and 
here went into camp, or rather bivouac, until the camp 
equipage left behind at Goldsboro was brought up. From 
here it was sent south to Salisbury, N. C, with the bri- 
gade, and camped there until July 12th, when a tele- 
graphic order was received from the War Department 
for its muster-out. Tents were struck quickly and every- 
thing bundled aboard a train provided, headed for the 
North. The regiment filed into the passenger cars, the 
bell rang, the boys cheered, and the old Fifty-second 
Pennsylvania was on its way home. The train passed 
through Greensboro, Burksville Junction, and Petersburg, 
to City Point, Va. Here we boarded a transport, which 
steamed away down the James River, passing Harrison's 
Landing a little below on the left bank, where the regi- 
ment was encamped in July, 1862, — just three years be- 
fore, — after passing through seven days' fighting in front 
of Richmond which closed McClellan's peninsular cam- 
paign. The old Harrison house and the Westover man- 
sion looked about the same as they did three years before, 
and some of the boys could point out the trees under 
which they slept — or at least claimed they could — the 
first night after they reached that haven of rest. Leav- 
ing this familiar scene behind, the course was down the 
river to Fort Monroe and up the Chesapeake to Annapo- 
lis. Thence by rail to Harrisburg, Pa., passing through 

182 



Pennsylvania Volunteers 

York on the way. When the regiment went to Wash- 
ington in November, 1861, there were boys on the station 
platform at York selHng hard-boiled eggs to the soldiers. 
When the train stopped at York on this last trip home- 
ward, the boys with baskets of hard-boiled eggs were on 
the platform offering them for sale about as they did in 
1 86 1. Of course the " veterans," who remembered the 
incidents of the earlier box-car trip through York, had 
to buy some eggs and munch them with great gusto, as 
they related some of the amusing incidents of that first 
trip. Harrisburg was again reached, where quarters in 
Camp Curtin were once more occupied. The muster-out 
rolls were completed, the officers made up their final 
accounts for property turned in, and then the " old 
Fifty-second Pennsylvania " Regiment melted away into 
civil life. 



1S3 



Appendix 




GENERAL HENRY M. HOYT 

Colonel Fifty-second Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers. 
Brevet Brigadier-General United States Volunteers. 



Biographical Sketches 



HENRY MARTIN HOYT. 

The Philadelphia Inquirer, Friday morning, Decem- 
ber 2, 1892, published the following: 

EX-GOVERNOR HOYT DIES IN WILKESBARRE HIS CAREER 

AS A SOLDIER, POLITICIAN, AND LAWYER. 

WiLKESBARRE, December ist. — Ex-Governor Henry 
M. Hoyt died at his home here shortly after 2 o'clock 
this morning. The end was peaceful. He had been 
suffering for a long time past. Six months ago he was 
stricken with paralysis, and three months later he had 
another stroke. Since then he began to fail rapidly. 
The ex-Governor since the war was never a strong man, 
having contracted a disease in the army which made him 
more or less of an invalid. The funeral will take place 
on Saturday afternoon at 3 o'clock, when services will 
be held in the First Presbyterian Church of this city. 

Henry Martin Hoyt was born in Kingston, Luzerne 
County, Pa., June 8, 1830. He was educated at Wyom- 
ing Seminary, Kingston, Pa., and Lafayette College, 
Mass., graduating in 1849. He immediately began the 
study of law in Wilkesbarre with George W. Woodward, 
later one of the justices of the Supreme Court of Penn- 
sylvania. He married Mary E. Loveland, of Kingston, 
in 1855. He took part in the Fremont campaign and 
became an active member of the new Republican party. 

187 



The Fifty-Second Regiment 

At the breaking out of the Rebellion he was active in 
organizing the Fifty-second Regiment of Pennsylvania 
Volunteers. He was commissioned lieutenant-colonel, 
and, his regiment being in the brigade of General Naglee, 
participated in the Peninsular Campaign of 1862. His 
war record is an enviable one and his active work soon 
earned him promotion. During the siege of Charleston, 
S. C, under General Quincy A. Gillmore, he was cap- 
tured, July 3, 1864, in a night attack in boats on Fort 
Johnston, having succeeded in entering the fort but not 
in holding it. For some time he was confined at Macon, 
Ga., and was then taken to Charleston, whence he made 
his escape, but was recaptured. Finally he was ex- 
changed and rejoined his regiment, being mustered out 
with the rank of brevet brigadier-general. 

After the war he resumed the practice of law in 
Wilkesbarre, and became active in politics. In 1875 
General Hartranft became a candidate for Governor for 
a second term. Hoyt was made chairman of the Re- 
publican State Committee, and conducted the campaign 
successfully. As a party leader he was bold and aggres- 
sive. In 1878 he became a candidate for Governor him- 
self. His claims were warmly espoused by Mr. Quay, 
and as warmly opposed by Senator Cameron. Cameron 
finally yielded and Hoyt was nominated. Quay con- 
ducted the campaign for Hoyt and landed him a winner 
after a desperate contest in which the Third party vote 
was the unknown quantity. 

As Governor, Hoyt showed a wonderful grasp of de- 
tails. He was an educated man, a statesman as well as 
a politician, and he struck out for himself in handling 
questions of state. Up to this time he had been a strict 

188 



Pennsylvania Volunteers 

party man, but gradually his inclinations led him into an 
independent channel. In 1879 he appointed Stanley 
Woodward additional law judge of Luzerne County. 
Woodward was a personal friend, but a Democrat, and 
the appointment aroused considerable feeling among 
Republican partisans, especially at Hoyt's home. 

After the inauguration of Governor Pattison, Gover- 
nor Hoyt came to Philadelphia and settled down to the 
practice of law. Disease grew upon him, and for the 
past four years he had been living quietly in Wilkesbarre. 

The sketch of General Hoyt as above given fails to 
mention that in 1867 he held the office of additional law 
judge of the courts of Luzerne County under appoint- 
ment of Governor Geary. In all the various important 
and trying positions of his military service and public 
life, he was a fearless man, — a champion of right and 
justice. He led his soldiers in action, and he was no 
less a leader in civil life both in thought and action. 
He was a man of broad mind and also of large heart. 
His sympathetic nature is well illustrated in his treatment 
of the Confederate officers who were placed as prisoners 
of war on Morris Island under guard in front of our 
fortifications, in retaliation for like treatment given him- 
self and other Union officers in Charleston, where they 
were placed under fire from our batteries. After being 
exchanged he was temporarily in command of these pris- 
oners and advised to reduce their rations to the same as 
given him while he was a prisoner. He visited the Con- 
federate prison camp with this idea, but returned after 
conversing with the prisoners, saying, " Boys, I haven't 
the heart to do it — they are men like ourselves." He was 
a lovable man, and if he had any failings the " old boys " 

189 



The Fifty-Second Regiment 

of the Fifty-second Pennsylvania will not recall them; 
" they knew him but to love him, they name him but to 
praise." 

COLONEL JOFxN BUTLER CONYNGHAM. 

MAJOR, LIEUTENANT-COLONEL, AND COLONEL FIFTY- 
SECOND REGIMENT PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS; 
CAPTAIN THIRTY-EIGHTH U. S. INFANTRY AND 
BREVET-COLONEL U. S. ARMY. 

The subject of this sketch was born in Wilkesbarre, 
Pa., on the 29th day of September, 1827. He was the 
son of Judge Conyngham of Luzerne County, Pa., for 
many years president judge of that county. After com- 
pleting his preliminaiy studies he entered Yale College 
in 1842, graduating therefrom with high honors in 1846. 
While pursuing his college course he became one of the 
founders of the Delta Kappa Epsilon fraternity of Yale. 
He took up the profession of law, being admitted to the 
bar of Luzerne County, August 6, 1849. He struck out 
for practice in a new field, going to St. Louis, Missouri, 
in 1852. He remained there four years and then re- 
turned to his home town. This was in the year 1856, 
when John C. Fremont was a candidate for President. 
It is not known that the agitation of the slavery question, 
at that time going on throughout the country, had in- 
fluence in deciding him to leave the great and growing 
city of St. Louis or not ; but it is surmised that, although 
a Democrat, his views of the inalienable rights of man 
were so strongly fixed, even at that day, that he found 
his environment uncongenial. 

In the year 1858 he was one of the founders of the 

190 




COLONEL JOHN B. CONYNGHAM 

Fifty-second ReRiment Pennsylvania Volunteers 
1861-1865 



Pennsylvania Volunteers 

Wyoming Historical and Geological Society in Wilkes- 
barre, and remained an active member during his life- 
time. 

When Sumter was fired upon, he did not hesitate to 
don the blue and go to the defence of his country. He 
entered the service and was made second lieutenant of 
Company C, Eighth Pennsylvania Volunteers. After his 
three months' term of service expired, he was ready for 
further duty, and was instrumental in completing the 
formation of the Fifty-second Regiment, Pennsylvania 
Volunteers, for a three years' term of service. At the 
final foundation of the regiment, October 7, 1861, he 
was appointed major. He was in appearance, as he 
proved to be in fact, a thoroughgoing soldier. Tall and 
straight as an Indian, he inspired a confidence among the 
men of his command that was never withdrawn during 
the four years of service. He always insisted on a sol- 
dier being soldierly in appearance and doing his duty. 
He was thoughtful of his men, but he had a stern sense 
of duty which was obeyed implicitly and unquestion- 
ingly. Those under him were expected to do the same. 
At the battle of Fair Oaks, Va., May 31, 1862, when the 
bullets were whizzing and shells bursting and men were 
dropping around him, his strong voice rang out, as he 
marched up and down the line, with " Steady, boys, 
steady ! " and " Give it to them, boys ; give it to them 
hot." Some of the old boys say he used much stronger 
language than that, but we leave that to the imagination 
of the reader. He was usually very concise and polished 
in his language, and if he ever used profanity it must 
have been under exasperating circumstances. There was 
no lack of provocation at Fair Oaks. 

191 



The Fifty- Second Regiment 

On January 9, 1864, he was promoted to Heutenant- 
colonel, in place of H. M. Hoyt, who became colonel 
after the resignation of Colonel John C. Dodge. 

As already recited in these pages, Lieutenant-Colonel 
Conyngham was in one of the leading boats in the attack 
on Fort Johnson in Charleston Harbor, and was among 
those who landed and led in the gallant but fruitless 
fight that ensued. It was in the early morning of July 3, 
1864. With Colonel Hoyt, four other officers, and one 
hundred and thirty-five enlisted men, he became a pris- 
oner of war. He did not return to the regiment until it 
had become a part of Sherman's army, when he reap- 
peared April 9, 1865, at' Goldsboro, N. C, and assumed 
command as colonel. His return was at the opportune 
moment, for the next day orders for the march were 
issued and he led the old Fifty-second Pennsylvania on 
its last campaign. After the regiment was mustered out, 
July 12, 1865, he returned to his father's home in Wilkes- 
barre. He was a bachelor and remained one. His 
tastes were not for society, and it was noticed by those 
at head-quarters of the regiment while in the service, that 
whenever he was introduced to ladies, who sometimes, as 
at Fort Monroe, called with visitors, he would blush like 
a boy. His reading, as before stated, was of the best 
literature. The Atlantic Monthly was one of the maga- 
zines most frequently in his hands when off duty. His 
familiarity with the styles of the contributors was such 
that after reading an article or essay (at that time un- 
signed) he would pencil the name of the author on the 
margin. 

Under regulations of the War Department, officers 
who had been in the volunteer service might, by passing 

192 



Pennsylvania Volunteers 

the examination before a board of officers appointed for 
the purpose, receive appointment and be commissioned as 
officers in the regular army of the United States. Colonel 
Conyngham passed such an examination and received 
a commission as captain. He was serving with the 
Thirty-eighth U. S. Infantry in New Mexico when 
stricken with the malady which caused his death. 

His father. Judge Conyngham. going to visit him and 
if possible bring him home, met with an accident on the 
way in Texas in February, 1861, which resulted in his 
death. Colonel Conyngham died May 27, 1871. 



13 193 



GEORGE ROYER LENNARD. 

The following extract from the Wilkesharre Record 
of Ji-i'y 5' 1902, tells the story of his long, brave, and 
useful life. He died July 4, 1902: 

BRAVE SOLDIER DEAD. 

MAJOR GEORGE R. LENNARD PASSES TO THE GREAT BEYOND 

HAD AN HONORABLE RECORD IN THE WAR OF THE 

REBELLION WAS TWICE WOUNDED IN ONE BATTLE, 

AND CARRIED A CANTEEN AND A POCKET-BOOK THAT 
WERE PIERCED BY BULLETS PARTICIPATED IN A NUM- 
BER OF ENGAGEMENTS — A WELL-KNOWN AND UPRIGHT 

CITIZEN CONYNGHAM POST COMMANDER ISSUES A 

STATEMENT. 

Major George Royer Lennard, a soldier with an honor- 
able record and for more than twoscore years one of 
Wilkesbarre's best-known citizens, passed away at his 
residence, 234 South River Street, yesterday morning. 
Death was not unexpected, his condition having been such 
the past three weeks as to prepare those w^ho watched 
by the bedside for the worst. Major Lennard had been 
in poor health for over two years. About a year ago 
he submitted to an operation at a hospital in Scranton. 
It was only partially successful and he continued to grow 
weaker. While able to be about his home, he seldom ven- 
tured out of doors. His last appearance in public was on 
Memorial Day, when he appeared in the parade with his 
old comrades, following them to the cemetery in a 
carriage. 

194 




MAJOR G. R. LENNARD 

Fifty-second Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry, 

1861-1868 

President of the Regimental Association, 1888-1902. 




MRS. (MAJOR) GEORGE R. LENNARD 

Elected "Mother" of the Fifty-second Pennsylvania Volunteer Association, 
at Reunion, September 24, 1909, Scranton, Pa. 



Pennsylvania Volunteers 

About three weeks ago his old complaint attacked him 
in acute form, and from then until death relieved him he 
suffered greatly. He was cheerful and uncomplaining, 
however, exhibiting all the fortitude and patience of the 
courageous soldier. One of his last requests was that 
he be buried by his comrades. 

The deceased came to this city in the fifties. His 
life was so upright, pure of purpose, and so devoid of 
ostentation that he won the hearts of all who came in 
contact with him in business or social relations. He was 
essentially a family man, his tastes being for his home 
and books. He was devoted to his wife and was her con- 
stant companion. But he never ceased to interest himself 
in the welfare of his comrades, and throughout his long 
illness he was pleased to converse with them, their visits 
being a source of pleasure to him. 

His military record was one of notable achievement. 
He was a painstaking officer, kind and considerate, but 
still a strict disciplinarian. Between him and those under 
his command there sprang up a warm attachment, which 
has not lessened during all these intervening years. He 
has been the head of the Survnvors' Association of his 
regiment since its organization, and when able never 
failed to attend the annual gatherings. 

Major Lennard was a native of Philadelphia, where he 
was born on March 27, 1827. This would leave him 75 
years old last March. He removed to this city in 1856 
and followed mercantile pursuits until 1861, when he re- 
cruited Company A, Fifty-second Regiment, Pennsylvania 
Volunteers. His companv was assigned to the Army of 
the Potomac, Naglee's brigade, Casey's division, Keyes's 
corps, and it participated in all the battles of the Penin- 

195 



The Fifty-Second Regiment 

sular campaign under General McClellan. He later 
served in the Carolinas under Generals Hunter, Foster, 
Gillmore, and Terry. During the fiercely contested battle 
of Fair Oaks, Va., on May 31, 1862, while nearly out- 
flanked and almost surrounded by a superior force of the 
enemy, he was shot in the left breast and at almost the 
same instant received a serious gunshot wound in the left 
thigh. He was carried from the battle-field and sent to 
St. Joseph's Hospital, Philadelphia. 

When partially recovered he was honorably discharged 
by order of the War Department and promoted to be 
lieutenant-colonel in a new regiment then organizing. 
The order discharging him was delayed seventeen days 
in submission, which resulted in his failure to secure 
the promotion. The order was then revoked, and he was 
restored to his old position as senior captain by a special 
order of the War Department. He served with his regi- 
ment on Morris Island, S. C, until February 11, 1864, 
when he was appointed by a general order of the War 
Department assistant commissary of musters, Department 
of the South. He was promoted to be major of his regi- 
ment on April 13, 1865, and was retained in the muster 
department after the muster-out of his regiment until 
January, 1866. The following day he accepted an 
appointment to the pay department, and remained in that 
service until 1867, when he resigned and returned home, 
his service covering a period of six years. 

Among the notable engagements in which he partici- 
pated were the siege of Yorktown. battles of Williams- 
burg. Bottoms Bridge, Chickahominy, Seven Pines, and 
Fair Oaks, siege of Fort Wagner, Morris Island, Fort 
Sumter. Charleston, and a number of smaller engage- 

196 



Pennsylvania Volunteers 

ments. Major Lennard will take to his grave the bullet 
which lodged in his thigh at the battle of Fair Oaks. 
Among his relics of the war is the bullet which struck 
him in the breast at the same battle. Among the other 
relics which he greatly prized were a pocket-book in which 
was his commission, the commission being perforated by 
a bullet, and his canteen, which was also pierced by a 
bullet. 

In 1868, a year after he had returned to civil life, he 
was united in marriage to S. Maria Sage, of Pleasant 
Valley, Conn. No children were born to Ihem. Major 
Lennard came of a family that achieved military fame. 
His uncle, George P. Royer, served in the Mexican War; 
his brother-in-law, John R. Waterhouse, served as captain 
in the One Hundred and Fourteenth Pennsylvania Volun- 
teers, and his grandfather, George Royer, in the War of 
181 2. He was a member of Conyngham Post, G. A. R., 
of this city, since its organization, and was especially 
active on the committee which looked after the erection of 
Memorial Hall. He took a prominent part in the G. A. R. 
and several times served as delegate to national and 
State encampments. At his death he was President of 
the Fifty-second Regiment Survivors' Association, a 
position he held since the organization of the association. 

Major Lennard was a member of St. Stephen's Epis- 
copal Church, being a communicant of the church for 
more than forty years. He is survived by his wife and 
three sisters, — Mrs. Waterhouse of Germantown, Mrs. 
Sutliff of Philadelphia, and Mrs. Briest of Brooklyn, 
N. Y. 

The funeral will take place on Monday with services 
at the house. Rev. Dr. H. L. Jones will officiate. Inter- 
ment will be in Hollenback Cemetery. 

197 



In Memoriam. 



To Lieut. Ezra S. Griffin, Post No. 139, 
Department of Pennsylvania, 

Grand Army of the Republic. 
Your Committee, appointed in accordance with a Reso- 
lution passed at the meeting of the Post held Friday, 
November 26, 1909, to draft Memorial Resolutions on 
the death of our late Comrade Ezra H. Ripple, who 
departed this life on Friday, November 19, 1909, beg 
leave to present a set of Resolutions as formulated by 
them, attached hereto and made a part of this report, all 
of which is respectfully submitted for the consideration 

and action of the Post. o tt o 

Saml. H. Stevens, 

Wm. McClave, 

Smith B. Mott, 

F. L. Hitchcock, 

Edwd. L. Buck. 

resolutions. 

Whereas, one of our most esteemed members and 
best-beloved comrades, Ezra H. Ripple, has fallen from 
our ranks to take his place on the eternal camping 
grounds ; 

And whereas, his life and public services were so 
prominent, his place in the hearts of the people so deeply 
fixed, coupled with the fact that he was a Charter Mem- 
ber and a Past Commander of this Post, justifies the 
suspension of our customary rule and, as a special mark 

198 




COLONEL EZRA HOYT RIPPLE 

Private Company K, Fifty-second Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers. 

Colonel of Thirteenth Regiment National Guard Pennsylvania 



Pennsylvania Volunteers 

of honor in his case, and the adoption of Memorial 
Resolutions ; therefore, 

Resolved, that we, the members of Ezra Griffin Post, 
Grand Army of the Republic, deplore and deeply mourn 
the loss of our late comrade Ezra H. Ripple, and desire 
to place on record an expression of our heartfelt sorrow 
at the sudden order of the Great Commander which has 
called him from among us, and, by severing the fraternal 
ties and intimate relations engendered by many years of 
faithful duty and helpful comradeship, thrown upon 
our Post a sombre shadow of grief and regret. 

Resolved, that, while we desire these Memorial Reso- 
lutions to express more especially the sentiments of our 
hearts as comrades , we wish also to record in some meas- 
ure a recognition of Colonel Ripple's public and military 
services, and of the place he won and held in the hearts 
of this great community in which he passed so many 
years of his useful life. 

Colonel Ripple always took a lively interest in public 
affairs, his well-known ability and activity securing for 
him recognition as a man who could do things and do 
them well, and he was called to positions of trust and 
responsibility. 

When Lackawanna County was set off from old Lu- 
zerne in 1878, he was the first County Treasurer. 

In 1896 he was elected Mayor of the City of Scranton. 
At the time of his death he was postmaster of Scran- 
ton, a position to which he was appointed by President 
McKinley in 1897, was reappointed by President Roose- 
velt in 1907, and was serving his twelfth year of con- 
tinuous service in that position when stricken down at 
his desk. 

199 



The Fifty-Second Regiment 

He was identified with many of the business enter- 
prises and industries of our city and county, and for 
the greater part of his Hfe occupied a position of trust 
and responsibility in the coal operations of the late Wm, 
Connell. 

His life was one of continuous action. He was 
" active in business " and " fervent in spirit," throwing 
into his undertakings the best efforts of his head, heart, 
and hands. His career of business activity was continued 
with persevering zeal until he finally fell prone in the 
harness. 

He was not only possessed of business activity, but also 
of benevolent activity. " Bear ye one another's bur- 
dens " seemed with him to be an abiding command, which 
he obeyed with implicit faith. His helpfulness was not 
restrained or restricted by considerations of race, creed, 
or color. He exemplified that charity which " suffereth 
long and is kind," for his charities flowed in a ceaseless 
stream and his kindness never failed. 

Many a widow and orphan will rise up to call him 
blessed. Especially is this the case with the soldiers' 
orphans whom he aided to an education and a start in 
life when he was a member of the Soldiers' Orphans' 
School Commission. 

MILITARY SERVICES. 

Colonel Ripple's first military service was during the 
War of the Rebellion when Lee invaded Pennsylvania 
in June, 1863, called the Gettysburg campaign. He at 
that time volunteered, serving in the Thirtieth Pennsyl- 
vania Infantry during the " emergency," as sergeant in 
Co. " H." 

200 



Pennsylvania Volunteers 

In March, 1864, he joined Co. "K" of the Fifty- 
second Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers Infantry as a 
private soldier. The regiment was then stationed on 
Morris Island, S. C, engaged in the siege operations 
against Charleston. On July 3, 1864, he was taken pris- 
oner by the rebels, in an attempt, led by Colonel H. M. 
Hoyt with the Fifty-second Regiment, to capture Fort 
Johnson, one of the defences of Charleston Harbor. 
The attempt failed, and Colonel Hoyt, Lieutenant-Colonel 
Conyngham, with a considerable number of officers and 
men of the Fifty-second Regiment, were taken prisoners, 
among them Comrade Ripple. He suffered all the hard- 
ships and horrors of Southern prison-pens at Anderson- 
ville, Ga., and Florence, S. C, and on one occasion, while 
endeavoring to escape, was tracked and surrounded by 
bloodhounds that sadly lacerated and tore his flesh before 
the guards came up to take him back as a prisoner. 
He was paroled in March, 1865, and mustered out of ser- 
vice June 30, 1865. 

At the formation of the Scranton City Guard in 1877, 
he was chosen Captain of Co. " D," and after the 
Thirteenth Regiment National Guard Pennsylvania was 
formed he was promoted to Major, afterwards to Lieu- 
tenant-Colonel, and in 1888 became Colonel of the Regi- 
ment, a position which he held for about ten years there- 
after. 

In 1895 he was appointed by Governor Hastings Com- 
missary-General on his staff. He served also on the staff 
of Governor Pennypacker, and at the time of his death 
was serving as Assistant Adjutant-General with the rank 
of Lieutenant-Colonel on the staff of Governor Stuart. 

J 201 



The Fifty- Second Regiinent 

PATRIOTIC INSTRUCTOR. 

The record of Comrade Ripple's services with Griffin 
Post would not be complete without a reference to his 
successful work as Chairman of the Committee on Patri- 
otic Instruction in Schools. 

For a number of years past he has given to this work — 
the teaching of patriotism to the children and youth in 
all our schools, public, private, and parochial — a great 
amount of painstaking labor. It was with him a labor 
of love, but he undertook it gladly and carried it forward 
with such abilit}^, fidelity, and enthusiasm as to make 
its influence felt the length and breadth of the valley 
in every schoolroom and among all the people. The 
chair of " Patriotic Instructor " occupied by him in our 
Post Room during his incumbency of that office will be 
a constant reminder of his faithful work, and his last 
words spoken to us on the Friday evening before his 
death, asking his comrades to " keep alive the interest 
in patriotic instruction," and " when called upon to assist 
in the work do your full duty to the best of your ability," 
attest the deep interest he felt in having the work carried 
forward, for " from the fulness of the heart the mouth 
speaketh." 

" Take him all in all, we ne'er shall see his like again." 

" Death loves a shining mark," 'tis said, 
And so 'twas he that fell. 
In grief we say, bowed o'er our dead, 
" He doeth all things well." 

We tender to his bereaved wife and children our sin- 
cere and heartfelt sympathy. They have lost a loving 
husband and father, we a faithful comrade, brother, 
friend. 

202 



Roster Fifty-Second Regiment 

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Troops of the Army of the Potomac Sent 

to the Peninsula in March and 

April, 1862 



I. 

CAVALRY RESERVE— BRIG.-GEN. P. ST. G. COOKE 
Emory's Brigade Blake's Brigade 

5 th United States Cavalry ist United States Cavalry 

6th United States Cavalry 8th Pennsylvania Cavalry 

6th Pennsylvania Cavalry Barker's Squadron Illinois Cavalry 

II. 

ARTILLERY RESERVE— COLONEL HENRY J. HUNT 

Graham's Battery " K" & "G" ist U. S 6 Napoleon guns 

Randol's Battery "E" ist U. S 6 Napoleon guns 

Carlisle's Battery "E" 2d U. S 6 20 pds. Parrott guns 

Robertson's Battery 2d U. S 6 3 -in. Ordnance guns 

Benson's Battery "M" 2d U. S 6 3-in. Ordnance guns 

Tidball's Battery "A" 2d U. S 6 3-in. Ordnance guns 

Edward's Battery "L" & "M" 3d U. S 6 10 pds. Parrott guns 

Gibson's Battery "C" & "G" 3d U. S 6 3-in. Ordnance guns 

Livingston's Battery "F" & "K" 3d U. S. .4 10 pds. Parrott guns 

Howe's Battery "G" 4th U. S 6 Napoleon guns 

DeRussy's Battery "K" 4th U. S 6 Napoleon guns 

Weed's Battery "I" 5th U. S 6 3-in. Ordnance guns 

Smead's Battery " K" 5th U. S 4 Napoleon guns 

Ames's Battery "A" 5th U. S (4 '^^f^H^-^S^l^"^ 

Diederick's Battery "A" N. Y. Art. Bat . . .6 20 pds. Parrott guns 

Voegelie's Battery "B" N. Y. Art. Bat 4 20 pds. Parrott guns 

Knieviem's Battery "C" N. Y. Art. Bat.. . .4 20 pds. Parrott guns 
Grimm's Battery "D" N. Y. Art. Bat 632 pds. howitzers 

100 guns 
III. 
VOLUNTEER ENGINEER TROOPS— GEN. WOODBURY 

15th New York Volunteers 
50th New York Volunteers 

357 



The Fifty- Second Regiment 

REGULAR ENGINEER TROOPS— CAPTAIN DUANE 

Companies A, B, and C, U. S. Engineers 

ARTILLERY TROOPS WITH SIEGE TRAIN 
I St Conn. Heavy Artillery. Col. Tyler 

McCALL'S DIVISION— FIRST CORPS* 
Artillery. 

Seymour's Battery "C" 5th U. S 6 Napoleon guns 

Eaton's Battery "A" ist Penna 4 Napoleon guns 

Cooper's Battery " B " ist Penna 6 10 pds. Parrott guns 

T^ • . T) J.J. «./-". 4. T) /2 10 pds. Parrottguns 

Kem s Battery C ist Penna { 4 1 2 pds. Howitzers 

Reynold's Brigade Meade's Brigade Ord's Brigade 

I St Penn. Res. Regt. 3rd Penn. Res. 6th Penn. Res. 

2d Penn. Res. Regt. 4th Penn. Res. 9th Penn. Res. 

5th Penn. Res. Regt. 7th Penn. Res. loth Penn. Res. 

8th Penn. Res. Regt. nth Penn. Res. 12th Penn. Res. 

I Penn. Res. Rifles 

SECOND CORPS— GENERAL E. V. SUMNER 
Cavalry. 

8th Illinois Cavalry. Col. Farnsworth. 
One Squadron 6th New York Cavalry. 

RICHARDSON'S DIVISION. 

Artillery. 

Clark's Battery "A" & "C" 4th U. S 6 Napoleon guns 

Frank's Battery "G" ist N. Y 6 10 pds. Parrott guns 

Pettit's Battery "B" ist N. Y 6 10 pds. Parrott guns 

Hogan's Battery "A" 2d N. Y 6 10 pds. Parrott guns 

Infantry. 

Howard's Brigade Meagher's Brigade Freitch's Brigade 

5th New Hampshire Vols. 69th N. Y. Vols. 52d N. Y. Vols. 

8ist Penna. Vols. 63d N. Y. Vols. 57th N. Y. Vols. 

6ist N. Y. Vols. 88th N. Y. Vols. 66th N. Y. Vols. 

64th N. Y. Vols. 53d Penna. Vols. 

* Note. — McCall's division of the First Corps was about the last 
of the reinforcements sent to the Army of McClellan on the Peninsula. 

258 



Pennsylvania Volunteers 



SEDGWICK'S DIVISION. 

Artillery. 

Kirby's Battery "I" ist U. S 6 Napoleon guns 

Tompkin's Battery " A" ..t R. I { ^ ^ fi: IZtLT' 

Bartletfs Battery " B " .st R. I { * ;° Pj; g^^'eS"' 

Owen's Battery "G" 6 3-in. Ordnance gtins 

Infantry. 

Gorman's Brigade Burns' s Brigade Dana's Brigade 

2d N. Y. State Militia 69th Penna. Vols. 19th Mass. Vols. 

15th Mass. Vols. 71st Penna. Vols. 7th Mich. Vols. 

34th N. Y. Vols. 72d Penna. Vols. 42d N. Y. Vols. 

ist Minn. Vols. io6th N. Y. Vols. 20th Mass. Vols. 

THIRD CORPS— GENERAL HEINTZELMAN 

THIRD CORPS— HOOKER'S DIVISION 

Artillery. 

Hall's Battery "H" ist U. S j 4 10 pds. Parrott guns 

•' 1. 2 12 pds. Howitzers 

Smith's 4th N. Y. Battery 6 10 pds. Parrott guns 

Bramhall's 6th N. Y. Battery 6 3-in. Ordnance guns 

Osborn's Battery "D" ist N. Y. Art'y 4 3-in. Ordnance guns 

Infantry. 

Sickles' Brigade Nagle's Brigade Col. Starr's Brigade 

ist Excelsior N. Y. ist Mass. Vols. 5th N. J. Vols. 

2d Excelsior N. Y. nth Mass. Vols. 6th N. J. Vols. 

3d Excelsior N. Y. 26th Penna. Vols. 7th N. J. Vols. 

4th Excelsior N. Y. 2d N. H. Vols. 8th N. J. Vols. 
5th Excelsior N. Y. 

THIRD CORPS— KEARNEY HAMILTON'S DIVISION 
Artillery. 
Thompson's Battery "G" 2d U. S 6 Napoleon guns 

Beam's Battery " B " N. J ( ^ 10 pds. Parrott guns 

J J 1^ 2 Napoleon guns 

Randolph's Battery "E" R. I ( ^ m P^^f " ^^^"""^^ ^''''^ 

t- J ^2 Napoleon guns 

Infantry. 

Jameson's Brigade Birney's Brigade Berry's Brigade 

105th Penna. Vols. 38th N. Y. Vols. 2d Mich. Vols. 

63d Penna. Vols. 40th N. Y. Vols. 3d Mich. Vols. 

5 7th Penna. Vols. 3d Maine Vols. 5th Mich. Vols. 

87th N. Y. Vols. 4th Maine Vols. 37th N. Y. Vols. 

259 



The Fifty- Second Regiment 

FOURTH CORPS— GENERAL ERASMUS D. KEYES. 

COUCH'S FIRST DIVISION. 

Artillery. 

McCarthy's Battery "C" ist Peiina 4 10 pds. Parrott guns 

Flood's Battery "D" 1st Penna 6 10 pds. Parrott guns 

Miller's Battery "E" ist Penna 4 Napoleon guns 

Brady's Battery "F" ist Penna 4 10 pds. Parrott guns 

Infantry. 

Graham's Brigade. ? Brigade Peck's Brigade. 

67th N.Y. Vols, (ist L.I.) 2d R.I. Vols. 98th Penna. Vols. 

65th N. Y. Vols, (ist U. S. Chas.) 7th Mass. Vols. io2d Penna. Vols. 

23d Penna. Vols. loth Mass. Vols. 93d Penna. Vols. 

3 ist Penna. Vols. 36th N. Y. Vols. 62d N.Y. Vols. 

6ist Penna. Vols. 55th N. Y. Vols. 

FOURTH CORPS— CASEY'S (2d) DIVISION 

Artillery. 

Regan's Battery 7th N. Y. Battery 6 3-in. Ordnance guns 

Fitch's Battery 8th N. Y. Battery 6 3-in. Ordnance guns 

Bate's Battery "A" ist N. Y. Artillery 6 Napoleon guns 

Spratt's Battery "H" ist N. Y. Artillery . . .4 3-in. Ordnance guns 

WesselLs' Infantry. 

Keim's Brigade Palmer's Brigade Naglee's Brigade 

85th Penna. Vols. 85th N. Y. Vols. 5 2d Penna. Vols, 

loist Penna. Vols. 98th N. Y. Vols. 104th Penna. Vols. 

103d Penna. Vols. 92d N. Y. Vols. 56th N. Y. Vols. 

96th N. Y. Vols. 8ist N. Y. Vols. looth N. Y. Vols. 

93d N. Y. Vols. nth Maine Vols. 

FIFTH CORPS— GENERAL W. B. FRANKLIN 

SLOCUM'S DIVISION 

Artillery. 

Piatt's Battery " D " 2d U. S 6 Napoleon guns 

Porter's Battery "A" Mass | ^ 10 pds. Parrott guns 

■' i2 12 pds. Howitzer 

Hexamer's Battery " A" N. J / ^ ^° P^^- P^rro" guns 

■' •' L 2 12 pds. Howitzers 

Wilson's Battery "F" ist N. Y. Art'y.. . .4 3-in. Ordnance guns 

Infantry. 

[Kearney' s) Brigade ? Brigade Newton's Brigade 

ist N. J. Vols. i6th N. Y. Vols. i8th N. Y. Vols. 

2d N. J. Vols. 27th N. Y. Vols. 31st N. Y. Vols. 

3d N. J. Vols. 5th Maine Vols. 3 2d N. Y. Vols. 

4th N. J. Vols. 96th Penna. Vols. 95th Penna. Vols. 

260 



Pennsylvania Volunteers 

W. F. SMITH'S DIVISION. 
Artillery. 

Ayre's Battery " F " 5th U. S / 4 10 pds. Parrott guns 

•' J J T 2 Jxapoleon guns 



Motfs Battery 3rd N. Y. Battery ( ^ m P^^' ^^"'°" ^"""^ 

■' "^ ■' [2 Napoleon guns 

Wheeler's Battery "E" 1st N. Y 4 3-in. Ordnance guns 

Kennedy's Battery ist N. Y. Battery 6 3-in. Ordnance guns 

Hancock's Brigade Brooks' Brigade Davidson' s Brigade 

5th Wisconsin Vols. 2d Vermont Vols. 33d N. Y. Vols. 

49th Penna. Vols. 3d Vermont Vols. 77th N. Y. Vols. 

43d N. Y. Vols. 4th Vermont Vols. 49th N. Y. Vols. 

6th Maine Vols. 5th Vermont Vols. 7th Maine Vols. 
6th Vermont Vols. 

SIXTH CORPS— GENERAL FITZJOHN PORTER. 
Cavalry, 3d Penna. Cavalry, Col. Averill. 

MORELL'S DIVISION 

Artillery. 

Griffin's Battery " K " 5th U. S 6 10 pds. Parrott guns 

Weeden's Battery "C" R. I 

Martin's Battery "C" Mass 6 Napoleon guns 

Allen's Battery "E" Mass 6 3-in. Ordnance guns 

Infantry. 

Martindale's Brigade Morell's Brigade Butterfield' s Brigade 

2d Maine Vols. 14th N. Y. Vols. 17th N. Y. Vols. 

1 8th Mass. Vols. 4th Mich. Vols. 44th N. Y. Vols. 

2 2d Mass. Vols. 9th Mass. Vols. 12th N. Y. Vols. 

25th N. Y. Vols. 62d Penna. Vols. 83d Penna. Vols. 

13th N. Y. Vols. Stockton's Michigan 
ist Berdan Sharpshooters 

SYKE'S DIVISION OF REGULARS 
Warren's Brigade. Buchanan's Brigade. Lovell's Brigade. 



261 



The Fifty-second Pennsylvania Volun- 
teer Infantry Association 



The Association was organized at a meeting of survivors held 
at Wilkes-Barre, Pa., May i6, 1888. At that time the Secretary, 
Herman C. Miller, had on his rolls the names and addresses of 
365 members. At this first meeting Major George R. Lennard, 
of Wilkes-Barre, was elected President of the Association, which 
position he held continuously until his death in 1902. Herman C. 
Miller, of Kingston, Pa. (formerly Corporal in Company H S2d 
Regiment, and one of the Color-guards of the Regiment), was 
elected Secretary and Treasurer of the Association at its first 
meeting and has served in these positions continuously since 1888. 
Rev. M. D. Fuller was elected Chaplain of the Association. 

The membership had increased to 492 in September, 1892, and 
the Secretary at this writing, — August, 191 1, — makes a statement 
as follows : 

Total number of names on Roster of Association 750 
Total number lost by deaths reported to Association 276 

Leaving number to be accounted for 474 

Of these the Secretary is sending mail — 191 1 — to.. 267 

Thus leaving unaccounted for at this time 207 

Of these "unaccounted for" no doubt a number have died 
without the fact having been reported to the Association — others 
have removed to other places without giving the Secretary their 
new address, — and still others perhaps have lost interest, or for 
some reason fail to reply to the circulars annually sent out giving 
notice of the date and place of the next reunion. 

At the meeting of the Association held in 1903, Wm. McClave 
(formerly 1st sergeant of Company K S2d Regiment) was elected 
President to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Major George 
R. Lennard, and has been annually re-elected to that position since 
that time. 

The officers of the Association at present, September, 191 1, are 
as follows : 

President, William McClave, Scranton, Pa. 

Vice-President, S. B. Williams, Charlestown, W. Va. 

Sec. and Treas., Herman C. Miller, Kingston, Pa. 

Chaplain, Rev. M. D. Fuller, Carbondale, Pa. 

262 




WILLIAM McCLAVE 

First Sergeant Company K, Fifty-second Pennsylvania Volunteers. 

President of the Fifty-second Regimental Association since 1902. 




HERMAN C. MILLER 

Color Corporal Company H. Fifty-seconi] Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers 

1861-1864 

Secretary and Treasurer Fifty-second Regimental Association since 

orRanization. 1888. 




SERGEANT I. E FI\CH 

Companv A. Fiftvsecond Regiment Pennsylvania Vohinteers. 

1861-1865 

Member of the Committee on Regimental History. 




JOSEPH R. HARPER 

Company D, Fifty-second Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers. 

Member of the Committee on Regimental History. 




SMITH B. MOTT 
Historian. 



Addenda 



The following correspondence in relation to certain pikes 
or spears found on Battery Wagner, on Morris Island, is of much 
interest: * 

Washington, D. C, Dec. 15, 1889. 
Mr. H. C. Miller, 

Dear Sir and Comrade, — 
Your letter of 9th inst. I find on my return to the city. I regret 
to say that I have not received the photograph of Gen. Hennessey. 



* Note. — After Battery Wagner was in our possession, it was 
found that on a portion of the eastern front of the works there 
was a long hedge-row of peculiarly constructed lances set up as a 
defence against a charge upon that front. Major Isaiah Price, his- 
torian of the Ninety-seventh Pennsylvania Volunteers, says: "It 
was found that the outer edge of the moat, at Fort Wagner, was 
hedged by a row of lances and spears, with long hickory handles, 
set firmly in the bank close together, forming chevatix-de-frise of 
hooks and blades of steel. The material, light and strong, in the 
darkness was hardly perceptible, but impossible to pass without 
being impaled upon the points, if the men had jumped down the 
sides of the moat, the bottom of which was also covered with 
planks, into which long sharp spikes had been driven, leaving the 
points standing up two or three inches, to pierce the feet of the 
men attempting to cross the ditch. These were the most devilish 
contrivances ever set around a fort as a military defence." 

Corporal Herman C. Miller, secretary and treasurer of the 
" Survivors Association " of the Fifty-second Pennsylvania Volun- 
teers, at that time secured one of the pikes and sent it home, where 
he still preserves it as a relic of the war. About a quarter of a 
century afterwards comrade Miller concluded to find out if possible 
something of the history of his relic, and had some correspondence 
with the ex-Confederate General G. T. Beauregard and others in 
regard to it, which is appended hereto in the " Addenda " at the end 
of the book. 

263 



Addenda 

The last communication I had from you is a postal card dated Oct. 
14th, in which you said you had written to Gen. Hennessey's brother 
and would write me as soon as you heard from him. I sincerely 
trust that your letter containing photograph has not been lost, and 
that if miscarried in the mails will be returned to you through the 
Dead Letter Office, for it would be a serious loss. 

I have not an idea of the history of the curious relic you speak 
of from Morris Island. I have written to a friend who may possibly 
know something on the subject. Perhaps if you should write to 
Gen. G. T. Beauregard, New Orleans, La., he might give you some 
information, as he commanded the Confederate forces in defence of 
Charleston. 

Very truly yours, 

Albert Ordway. 



Washington, D. C, Jan. i. 1890. 
Mr. H. C. Miller, 

Dear Sir: — 
The gentleman who was Confederate ordnance officer in Morris 
Island writes me as follows regarding the pike you inquired about : 
" The pike has a history, it is true, but it is not of much account. 
They were a lot made by order of Governor Joseph Brown of 
Georgia and worked out by Mr. Schley (a cousin of Capt. Schley, 
U. S. Navy) at the arsenal in Augusta or Columbus, and I know 
there are a lot of the pikes now at the Augusta Arsenal." " They 
were used for defence, and on one occasion very effectively at Bat- 
tery Wagner, the night Col. Shaw was killed and his brigade 
repulsed." 

The above information seems to cover all the facts. 

Yours truly, 

Albert Ordway. 

Kingston, Luzerne County. Pa., Dec. 17, 1889, 3 p-^i- 
Genl. G. T. Beauregard, 

New Orleans, La. 
My Dear Sir: — 

I come to you for information, by advice of Genl. Albert Ordway, 
Registrar in Chief, Washington, D. C. 

Can you tell me where the Confederates who were stationed 
in Fort Wagner on Morris Island, S. C, obtained the spears which 

264 



Addenda 

they left in said fort at the time they evacuated it, Sept. 7th, 1863? 
I sent one of them home by express at the time, and now have it in 
my cabinet with other relics, and the question has been asked me 
time and again— IV here did they get those old i6th and 17th century 
tveapons from? 

They are certainly no boat-hooks. 

Kindly answer and give me what information you can, or in- 
form me where I can get the desired information. 

I am respectfully yours, 

H. C. Miller. 
(Late Corpl. Co. H, 52nd Regt. Pa. Vols. Inft.) 

New Orleans, Dec. 24, 1889. 
Dear Sir : — 

I regret I cannot give the information you desire herein. At the 
beginning of our late war we had to use all kinds of weapons to 
arm our troops with, and it is probable that the pike or spear 
j'ou refer to came from the State Arsenal of So. Ca. located in 
Charleston. 

Gen'l Thos. Jordan, editor of the Mining Record, 61 Broadway, 
N. Y. City, may be able to give you some information on the subject. 
He was my " Chief of Staff " during the war. 

I am, 

Yours very truly, 

G. T. Beauregard. 



61 Broadway, New York, 

January 25, 1890. 
Dear Sir, — 

Confinement to mj'^ rooms and consequent absence from my office 
because of annoying sickness, coupled with subsequent stress of 
current work when able to go, my business has kept me from 
prompter answer to your note of inquiry transmitted in December 
with a note from General Beauregard. Even now I can give you 
no information with regard to any i6th or 17th century spears that 
may have been found in Battery Wagner on Morris Island, such as 

265 



Addenda 

you mention, for 1 was not aware that any such weapons had been 
provided for the defence of that fortress, a defence and successful 
evacuation, as well as the engineering skill with which it was finally 
obtained by its assailants, liai'c not been sufficiently historically 
treated as yet. 

Such weapons as you mention and describe would have been 
quite efficacious in the event of such an assault as was attempted 
and so bloodily repelled on the evening of July i8, 1863. I have a 
distinct recollection that Gen'l Beauregard had directed, both when 
in Virginia, South Carolina, and in the West, the manufacture of 
such weapons as you describe, which is known as a Spanish infantry 
" pike," not a spear or lance such as are used by cavalry ; but I 
do not recollect under what circumstances those found in Wagner 
were provided. 

Respectfully, 

Your obt. svt., 

Thomas Jordan. 
Mr. H. C. Miller, 

Kingston, Pa. 



266 



^' 



